an action resulting from an object like human's damaging action can cause liability for those who possess them. the french civil law at its approval time (1804) had not predicted this principle and just in articles 1385, 1386, the liability of damages resulting from two types of objects, i.e. animals and buildings due to imposing great damages by them had been predicted by french law. howe...

The Government recently announced that it intends to reject a recommendation by the Farm Animal Welfare Council that all animals should be stunned before slaughter (see VR, April 10, p 446). In this Viewpoint article, Dr Stuart Rosen discusses physiological aspects of Shechita, the Jewish method of religious animal slaughter. He outlines the religious context and describes the act of Shechita. ...

The third and fourth generation personal communication systems (PCS) are going to be based on spread spectrum techniques. This article intends to show, that the signal structures used by these systems are very similar to the ones used by GPS and proposed European satellite navigation systems and can be used for the purpose of user localization. Various methods for determining the user position ...

CONTEXT Immunohistochemistry has become an indispensable ancillary technique in anatomic pathology laboratories. Standardization of every step in preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic phases is crucial to achieve reproducible and reliable immunohistochemistry test results. OBJECTIVE To standardize immunohistochemistry tests from preanalytic, analytic, to postanalytic phases. DATA SOURCES ...

The National Research Council (NRC) article "Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A vision and A Strategy" (National Research Council, 2007) was written to bring attention to the application of scientific advances for use in toxicity tests so that chemicals can be tested in a more time and cost efficient manner while providing a more relevant and mechanistic insight into the toxic potential of...

This article discusses different modelling approaches considered to address problems related to ambulances' location and relocation as well as dispatching decisions arising in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) management. Over the past 10 years, a considerable amount of research has been devoted to this field and specifically, to the development of strategies that more explicitly take into accou...

the main aim of this paper intends to discuss the solution of fuzzy sylvester matrix equation

The symbols, designations and definitions are the same as those in Krohn and Rhodes (1965); tha t article contains complete algebraic characterizations of general and some special nets of threshold elements and of the transition functions associated with them. In Corollary 3.1. (iii) the authors give a criterion for transition functions of Simple McCulloch-Pitts Nets (SMPN) which is necessary b...

Objective: Bipolar Affective Disorder (BD) is a chronic disease with major impact on patients’ functioning and quality of life. In recent years, there has been a greater investment in psychosocial interventions as adjunctive treatment. The present article intends to gather information about the effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioural Therapy (CBT) for BD. Methods: Literature search on PubMed dat...

This article intends to discuss Information Technology diploma programs as an alternate means of educating systems librarians and preparing them for the new challenges faced by library systems offices. The first section outlines my own experience marrying an MLIS with a Graduate Diploma in Information Technology as a means of moving into systems librarianship. The second discusses the applicati...