We study the ray optics of glenses, ideal thin lenses generalised to have different objectand image-sided focal lengths, and the most general light-ray-direction-changing surfaces that stigmatically image any point in object space to a corresponding point in image space. Gabor superlenses [Gabor, UK Patent 541,753 (1940); Hembd-Sölner et al., J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 1, 94 (1999)] can be seen...

Junctions between fiber cells of bovine lenses have been isolated in milligram quantities, without using detergents or proteases. The structure of the isolated junctions has been studied by thin-section, negative-stain, and freeze-fracture electron microscopy and by x-ray diffraction. The junctions are large and most often have an undulating surface topology as determined by thin sectioning and...

Almost the whole of visual science is concerned with illusions — if they are defined as images in which the physical description differs from the image perceived. One of the attractions of illusions, apart from their obvious appeal as geometrical abstract art, is that they direct us to an understanding of visual processing at many levels. But before the question of why an illusion is perceived ...

Depth recovery in robot vision is an essential problem to infer the three dimensional geometry of scenes from a sequence of the two dimensional images. In the past, many studies have been proposed for the depth estimation such as stereopsis, motion parallax and blurring phenomena. Among cues for depth estimation, depth from lens translation is based on shape from motion by using feature points....

m It has been previously reported that lens fluorescence increases with age and is due to s fluorogeo tightly bound to lens proteins. In this study, we iind that xsathureaic acid axcumulates with age in human eye. Its derivatives, repotted by us ss OX4 and DOXA, formes fluorescent conjugates with the crysttdlins leading IO their aggregation. &&&I& Absorption spectrometry and flue-ce spectrometr...

Lens transparency depends on the accumulation of massive quantities (600-800 mg/ml) of twelve primary crystallines and two truncated crystallines in highly elongated "fiber" cells. Despite numerous studies, major unanswered questions are how this heterogeneous group of proteins becomes organized to bestow the lens with its unique optical properties and how it changes during cataract formation. ...

Received ; accepted – 2 – ABSTRACT An expression is provided for the self-lensing optical depth of the thin LMC disk surrounded by a shroud of stars at larger scale heights. The formula is written in terms of the vertical velocity dispersion of the thin disk population. If tidal forcing causes ∼ 1 − 5% of the disk mass to have a height larger than 6 kpc and ∼ 10 − 15% to have a height above 3 k...

Modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is an alternative theory of gravity that aims to explain large-scale dynamics without recourse to any form of dark matter. However the theory is incomplete, lacking a relativistic counterpart, and so makes no definite predictions about gravitational lensing. The most obvious form that MONDian lensing might take is that photons experience twice the deflection o...

The aim of this paper is to construct six dimensional symplectic thin–lens transport maps for the tracking program SIXTRACK [2], continuing an earlier report [1] by using another method which consistes in applying Lie series and exponentiation as described by W. Gröbner [3] and for canonical systems by A.J. Dragt [4]. As in Ref. [1] we firstly use an approximate Hamiltonian obtained by a series...