The pedestal or dipper effect is the large improvement in the detectability of a sinusoidal grating observed when it is added to a masking or pedestal grating of the same spatial frequency, orientation, and phase. We measured the pedestal effect in both broadband and notched noise-noise from which a 1.5-octave band centered on the signal frequency had been removed. Although the pedestal effect ...

The effects of spatial cuing were measured for discrimination between an increment and a decrement on a target's pedestal contrast. Discrimination thresholds measured in the absence of a spatial cue were always higher than corresponding thresholds measured in the presence of a spatial cue, except when pedestal contrast was near zero. Uncued discrimination thresholds rose monotonically with pede...

The Zoellner illusion is a geometric distortion occurring when nonorthogonal inducing lines appear to tilt veridically parallel bars. The retinal pathways contributing to such illusions are unknown. The goal of this experiment was to investigate the retinal origin of the illusion. This was accomplished by determining the contrast gain for illusion thresholds. The magnocellular (MC-) and parvoce...

kleine-levin syndrome (kls) is a rare syndrome characterized by periodic hypersomnia, hyperphagia, behavioral disturbances, and in some instances hypersexuality. this report depicts a17-year-old boy with kls. he has experienced long periods of hypersomnia, sometimes up to 40 days. during these periods he was impatient, aggressive, depersonalized, suffering from hyperphagia, and amnesia. he did ...

knowing god and relationship with him is one of the important theological issues in abraham`s religions. christianity believes that invisible god reflects in the incarnation of christ. in the christians` view, the jesus christ is the revelation of god. as a result, incarnation is one of the most important principles of christianity. the jews are opposed to incarnation but believe in anthropomor...

I was approximately 12–13 years old when Dr Carleton Gajdusek came into the Purosa Valley to do research on kuru. My late husband Mr Anua was a hard-working man. He helped Carleton and Michael Alpers in their fieldwork. Sometimes when he was asked to go to other villages to report on kuru patients, I had to accompany him and we both went out. I have seen more of the villages to the south and we...

Transport at the pedestal top is important for the inter-ELM pedestal dynamics. Linear gyrokinetic analysis of the pedestal during an ELM cycle on MAST has shown kinetic ballooning modes to be unstable at the knee of the pressure profile and in the steep pedestal region whilst microtearing modes (MTMs) and electron temperature gradient modes (ETGs) dominate in the shallow gradient region inboar...

Pattern contrast thresholds for vertical Gabor patterns were measured on pattern pedestals that were vertical or horizontal. Contrast of the pedestal was varied to measure the function relating target contrast threshold to pedestal contrast (TvC function). TvC functions were measured without an adaptor and after adaptation to vertical, horizontal and plaid patterns. For a pedestal with the same...