In this article, I explore the idea that there is a fundamental ethical aspect precedes social constructionism. suggest within constructionism we can identify development from seeing knowledge as socially constructed ( epistemological constructionism) to not only knowledge, but also corporeal ways of being ontological constructionism). As next step, propose incorporating what refer realism in c...

In “Economics and Reality” (1997) Tony Lawson advocates a perspective on social reality labelled critical realism. Critical realism maintains that strict regularities between observable events are the exception rather than the rule in the social world. This is a negative argument for econometrics which is seen to rely on the identification of such regularities. By contrast, the notion of explan...

Often implicit in visual display design and development is a gold standard of photorealism. By approximating direct perception, photorealism appeals to users and designers by being both attractive and apparently effortless. The vexing result from numerous performance evaluations, though, is that increasing realism often impairs performance. Smallman and St. John (2005) labeled misplaced faith i...

It has been shown that people tend to view opponents as biased. Recent theoretical studies showed this tendency occurs due naïve realism. People be overconfident about their objectivity ? they believe see the world it really is (Naïve realism: Ross & Ward, 1995) hence, assume who have a different must biased (Pronin et al., 2004). This study examines effect of encountering clear demonstrations ...

this study examines votes, ideologies and goals of iran’s cultural-intellectual currents after the islamic revolution in order to describe their scale and type impacts on women rights in iran. in the first section, a theoretical explanation of the relationship between social currents and legal demands based on social realism approach along with viewpoints of scholars who believe in the correlat...