The study concerns the optical and structural properties of layers obtained by a new efficient surface treatment totally free of chromium species. The process is made up of an anodic oxidation of copper in an alkaline solution followed by an alkaline potassium permanganate dipping post-treatment. Coatings, obtained at the lab and pilot scales, are stable up to 220 C in air and vacuum, present l...

Thermography measurements allow to detect the defects that may appear undersurface of details with protecting covering. Subsurface defects in the sample have been detected using the high resolution thermal imaging camera FLIR SC7000. To introduce additional energy in a researched sample, a scanning hot air (about 110°C) nozzle is applied (a patent application P.403346). The hidden defect causes...

Noncontact modulation calorimetry using electromagnetic heating and radiative heat loss under ultrahighvacuum conditions has been applied to levitated solid, liquid, and metastable liquid samples. This experiment requires a reduced gravity environment over an extended period of time and allows the measurement of several thermophysical properties, such as the enthalpy of fusion and crystallizati...

Blackbodies are commonly used as a transfer medium in the calibration of radiation thermometers. The ideal blackbody is perfectly isothermal and has an emissivity of precisely 1 at all wavelengths. However, no real material has an emissivity as high as 1, so practical blackbodies are created by forming a cavity, made to be as isothermal as possible, inside a material with a relatively high intr...

Buildings that simultaneously provide natural illumination and thermal comfort for all seasons have met with increasing demand as conventional resource limitations are realized. In this context, organic and metal-dielectric coatings are tested, and a simple, coated double-glazed window with solar blinds is conceived that includes passive infrared (IR) reflection, active illumination control, an...

Near infrared emission spectroscopy (NIRES) has been investigated in the study of different materials employed in liquid chromatography. The samples were heated in a nitrogen atmosphere and the emission spectra were obtained using a lab-made NIRES instrument. Through principal component analysis (PCA) using the raw emission spectra, it was possible to distinguish different materials according t...

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H : specific total enthalpy α : angle of attack h : specific static enthalpy β : sideslip (yaw) angle J r : mass diffusion flux vector γs : recombination coefficient L : characteristic length ∆s : wall-normal grid spacing M : Mach number or molar mass ε : emissivity n : unit normal κ : gas mixture thermal conductivity p : Pressure μ : gas mixture viscosity Q : heat load σ : Stefan-Boltzmann con...

With its comprehensive suite of near-infrared instruments, Venus Express will perform the first detailed global exploration of the depths of the thick Venusian atmosphere. Through the near-daily acquisition of Visible and Infrared maps and spectra, three infraredsensing instruments—the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer (PFS), the Venus Monitoring Camera (VMC), and the Visible and Infrared Thermal ...