Using the axioms of “priority” and “solidarity” (solidarity in the influences of the changes in population or resources on the original members) in a variable and potentially infinite population model, Moreno-Ternero and Roemer (2006) establish an axiomatic characterization of index-egalitarian rules. We show that similar characterization results can be established in a fixed and finite populat...

egalitarian institutional reforms is a distinctive feature of modernity and postmodernity. This development, which dates at least to the Enlightenment, intensified throughout the twentieth century as formal legal rights were extended to previously excluded groups(e.g., women); wide-reaching institutional reforms were implemented to equalize life chances (e.g., bureaucratic personnel policies) a...

The study of optimal long-term care (LTC) social insurance is generally carried out under the utilitarian criterion, which penalizes individuals who have a lower capacity to convert resources into well-being, such as dependent elderly or prematurely dead individuals. This paper revisits design LTC while adopting two egalitarian criteria—ex ante and ex post egalitarianism—which give priority wor...

in this article, in order to demonstrate the pragmatic elements of rawls’s viewpoint, the developmental path of his a theory of justice shall first be investigated. this development has two phases: in the first phase, justice has an ethical-philosophical basis. in a theory of justice, this phase is specifically shown under the title of theory of justice. in the second phase, justice has no phil...

When discussing theories of justice, most philosophers take the moral equality human beings as their starting point. As Will Kymlicka says, in all contemporary plausible constitutes an “egalitarian plateau”.1 Arguably, prominent novel theory justice recent years is relational egalitarianism—a on which requires people to relate equals. Relational egalitarians are no exception Kymlicka's claim. T...

As a collective group, scientists would probably vote slightly left of the centre, be more liberal in their political and social views and would be genuinely concerned about inequalities in society. Scientists rarely use the word ‘elite’ without some apologetic justification, yet we constantly speak about selection through excellence—and hence exclusion of a nonelite—without any blushes. Althou...