Department of Economics, University of Isfahan, Iran   Ahmad Googerdchian   Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, University of Isfahan, Iran     Abstract   Implementing a currency :::union::: may lead members to face financial crisis if their financial markets are not ready to adopt themselves to a new situation. There are still problems like ownership concentration and self-gover...

In the United States, associations between attained education and adult health typically are larger for those from disadvantaged childhood backgrounds. However, it remains unclear how specific key childhood indicators contribute to these adult health patterns, especially outside the United States. Drawing on the 2014 European Social Survey (20 countries; N=31544), we investigate the key childho...

introduction a considerable percentage of the world’s population is living in the coastal areas. thus, there are many different kinds of problems in these regions. because of the large amount of the people in these areas, their ecosystems are confronted with huge and serious problems. there are different types of arrangements for preventing destruction of ecosystems around the seas. unified man...

the collapse of the soviet :union: provided an extraordinary opportunity for china to enforce political and economic process in the central asian region. proximity of the border of china and the central asian countries with rapid economic growth of china, have imposed certain conditions on central asian countries' relations with it. in general, bilateral relations between china and the cou...

As a result of the military conflict in 2022, all regions Ukraine, economy was destroyed, and poverty increased. More than 15 million refugees, 8 went to European countries. Economists calculate damage. Data for September October 2022 were used paper. The main donors Ukrainian are now countries, United States, International Financial Institutions. war will end process renewing begin. It is impo...

From the early outward signs of a collapse in the US sub-prime mortgage market in the spring of 2007, the global banking crisis unfolded. Financial institutions thought too big to fail, failed. In the summer of 2007 the French bank BNP Paribas ceased activity in three hedge funds that specialized in USmortgage debt.Meanwhile, in Britain, on 14th September investors in the bank, Northern Rock, w...

Recent developments T HE YEAR 2001 WAS SHAPING UP AS A DIFficult year for East Asia and Pacific (EAP) even before the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States. The unexpectedly sharp cyclical downturn in the world economy during the year had centered on a recession in the global high-technology (high-tech) sector, resulting in a plunge in the exports of the many East Asian economies ...

accreditation, as an approach to quality assurance and improvement, has a hundred-year history in the united states. other countries have started to establish such systems in the past twenty years. recently, we have witnessed numerous discussions and some practical steps toward establishing accreditation systems in iran. a major practical challenge for such newer accreditation systems is that a...