Michael A. Reynolds, an FPRI Senior Fellow, is an Associate Professor in Princeton‟s Department of Near Eastern Studies where he teaches courses on modern Middle Eastern and Eurasian history, comparative empire, military and ethnic conflict, and secularism. He is author of Shattering Empires: The Clash and Collapse of the Ottoman and Russian Empires, 1908-1918 (Cambridge University Press, 2011)...

This report collects and reviews the definitions used by countries of Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia to monitor poverty and employment according to the Millennium Development Goal 1. It distinguishes the indices on the basis of the threshold used to measure poverty: international or national, absolute or relative, extreme or less severe, based on food intak...

We investigated ancestry of 3,528 modern humans from 163 samples. We identified 19 ancestral components, with 94.4% of individuals showing mixed ancestry. After using whole genome sequences to correct for ascertainment biases in genome-wide genotype data, we dated the oldest divergence event to 140,000 years ago. We detected an Out-of-Africa migration 100,000-87,000 years ago, leading to people...

Kazakhstan has secured approval from Moscow to use its pipeline infrastructure in order transport 300,000 tons of oil Germany the first quarter 2023, a state-run company (Kaztransoil) announced on January 13, 2023. Deliveries January, 2023 amounted 20,000 tons. plans export up 1.5 million via Russia but future, volume could be increased 7 As for now, transportation through seems more beneficial...

Geobotanical assessment of taxa with a high percentage of richness and endemism plays an important role on conservation plans. South-West Asia is one of the main biodiversity centers of the genus Onosma (Boraginaceae) comprising a high rate of species richness and endemism in Iran. Due to existing threatened factors to habitats and lack of sufficient data on conservation and distribution patter...

in view of the geopolitical statue of caucasus in the region and the world and domestic problems of caucasus region, we face different and sometimes contradictory forces and interests in the region. and political, economic, security, cultural, and… developments are result of interaction between these different and sometimes contradictory forces and interests.