Abstract Zhang Shi ?? (1133–80), a Confucian scholar of the Southern Song dynasty, has been considered as yielding to Zhu Xi's ?? (1130–1200) ideas in most cases, his own thought exhibiting no specific features. This essay is an attempt examine differences between and Shi's supreme pivot (taiji ??) nature (xing ?) theories. The features influence on neo-Confucianism dynasty should be reexamined...

the presence of european missionaries in iran was the important issue in the history of the safavid. one of the most important groups of missionaries was carmelites who came to iran to try to spread the catholic faith in this country.they came to iran during the rule of shah abbas i apparently to create an alliance between iran and the christian countries of europe against the ottoman and indee...

Hui Yi (袆衣) is the highest standard ceremonial costume to empress in Song Dynasty, used for important occasions such as wedding ceremonies, coronations, holding court, and ancestral shrine sacrifices. This paper uses method of literature research, well using mutual demonstration historical books image data summarize types religious elements Dynasty empress’s (袆衣). By interdisciplinary research ...

Abstract In 1527–1541, the Mac dynasty was at risk of invasion from its northern neighbor in China and had to fight consecutively with Revival Le Dai Viet. Therefore, relations China, during this period tried maintain peaceful avoid war between two sides. Owing return several former Chinese lands period, many people, especially historians medieval Vietnam, have condemned humility dynasty, borde...