This work introduces Mutual Proximity, an unsupervised method which transforms arbitrary distances to similarities computed from the shared neighborhood of two data points. This reinterpretation aims to correct inconsistencies in the original distance space, like the hub phenomenon. Hubs are objects which appear unwontedly often as nearest neighbors in predominantly high-dimensional spaces. We ...

the present article studies the quds city and the holy status it has gained in the history. it also reviews its geographical and historical characteristics in time especially the historical demography of this city and its neighbors in the 16th century. this century starts with the occupation of the city by crusaders and thus the decrement of population due to the death of 70 thousand people of ...

We consider the problem of model-free reinforcement learning for infinite-horizon discounted Markov Decision Processes (MDPs) with a continuous state space and unknown transition kernels, when only a single sample path of the system is available. We focus on the classical approach of Q-learning where the goal is to learn the optimal Q-function. We propose the Nearest Neighbor Q-Learning approac...

Within cells, proteins can co-assemble into functionally integrated and spatially restricted multicomponent complexes. Often, the affinities between individual proteins are relatively weak, and proteins within such clusters may interact only indirectly with many of their other protein neighbors. This makes proteomic characterization difficult using methods such as immunoprecipitation or cross-l...

Given a set of users U , a set of facilities F , and a query facility q, a reverse nearest neighbors (RNN) query retrieves every user u for which q is its closest facility. Since q is the closest facility of u, the user u is said to be influenced by q. In this paper, we propose a relaxed definition of influence where a user u is said to be influenced by not only its closest facility but also ev...

abstract from historical view point geopolitical factors have encouraged the politicians to be ambitious. countries of the world by making use of geopolitical potentials try to maintain stability and promote their status in world affairs. among the countries of the persian gulf region qatar is one of those countries which in recent regional developments have had geopolitical dynamic and have pl...

The influence of 2-hop density on spoken word recognition was investigated. 2-hop density measures the density of connections among the phonological neighbors (i.e., 1-hop neighbors) and phonological neighbors of those neighbors (i.e., 2-hop neighbors) of a target word. In both naming and lexical decision tasks, words with low 2-hop density were recognized more quickly than words with high 2-ho...

Purpose: The purpose was to determine the number of semantic neighbors, namely semantic set size, for 88 nonobjects (Kroll & Potter, 1984) and determine how semantic set size related to other measures and age. Method: Data were collected from 82 adults and 92 preschool children in a discrete association task. The nonobjects were presented via computer, and participants reported the first word t...

Novel words (like tog) that sound like well-known words (dog) are hard for toddlers to learn, even though children can hear the difference between them (Swingley & Aslin, 2002, 2007). One possibility is that phonological competition alone is the problem. Another is that a broader set of probabilistic considerations is responsible: toddlers may resist considering tog as a novel object label beca...