We analyze the scaling of avalanche precursors in the three dimensional random fuse model by numerical simulations. We find that both the integrated and nonintegrated avalanche size distributions are in good agreement with the results of the global load sharing fiber bundle model, which represents the mean-field limit of the model.

From the pulse length dependence of the absorption of intense ultrashort laser pulses focused inside fused silica, we reveal the role field-assisted collisional ionization plays in the multiphoton ionization process. This constitutes a cold avalanche ionization mechanism that persists at pulse lengths considered too short for a traditional avalanche.

In computer simulations the population mechanisms of the room-temperature continuous-wave green upconversion E?+:LiYF4 laser are investigated. An avalanche process is the dominating excitation mechanism, but it also counteracts stimulated emission at higher dopant concentrations. This concentration dependence can be considered as a behaviour present in many rare-earth-doped avalanche lasers.

We propose the use of dynamic circuits for quenching avalanche events in single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays. Two area-efficient, circuit solutions are presented in 0.35μm CMOS technology. These circuits contain no passive elements and consume shoot-through current only at triggering instants. The resulting reduction in power consumption and supply noise is essential to formation of lar...

The avalanche robustness of 430 V SiC diodes at high temperatures is investigated. UIS test was performed with fixed time in order to avoid the effect a thermal diffusion on an energy. It found that energies 25 are 10.5 J/cm 2 for and 12.7 while those 170 8.02 9.96 , respectively. Their temperature coefficients about-0.018 K, which much smaller than typical SiC-MOSFETs, indicating maintain grea...

Search theory is the discipline that studies the problem of how best to search for an object when the amount of searching efforts is limited and only probabilities of the possible position of the object are given. Then, the problem is to find the optimal distribution of this total effort that maximizes the probability of detection. Although the general formalism of search theory will be used su...

Snow avalanche activity is controlled to a large extent by snow and weather patterns. However, its response to climate fluctuations remains poorly documented. Previous studies have focused on direct extraction of trends in avalanche and winter climate data, and this study employs a time-implicit method to model annual avalanche activity in the French Alps during the 1958–2009 period from its mo...

Two-beam coupling measurements of an avalanche upconversion transition in concentrated Tm:LiYF (4) confirm that, despite the resonant nature of the excited-state optical interaction, the induced response is strongly dispersive. This surprising characteristic is shown to be a general feature of avalanche polarization, with an off-resonant process dominating the resonant response.

Snow avalanche danger can vary considerably within the large forecast regions in western Canada. Experienced recreationists routinely use the regional bulletin along with local observations to estimate the local avalanche danger. However, some less experienced recreationists are unsure how to interpret the various field observations. To assess a systematic approach, we conducted a field study d...