Revealing the dispersal of dengue viruses (DENV) in time and space is central to understanding their epidemiology. However, the processes that shape DENV transmission patterns at the scale of local populations are not well understood, particularly the impact of such factors as human population movement and urbanization. Herein, we investigated trends in the spatial dynamics of DENV-2 transmissi...

passive defense is a set of civilian efforts performed to enhance deterrence, reduce vulnerability, sustain essential activities, promote national stability, and facilitate crisis management against military threats of an enemy. since in battles, sensitive and critical areas of cities are of paramount importance,it is clear that in military agressions, a large part of threats are focused on cit...

The growth of European cities in recent decades, mainly characterized by a decreasing density and a functional segregation, has tendentially increased mobility, soil consumption, urban sprawl, social disparities and infrastructural costs. Hence, most European countries have decided to aim for an urban sprawl limitation, in particular by increasing the density of built urban areas. To achieve th...

In the US, exurbia, the rural areas beyond the sewer served suburbs, is being developed with attendant denial of habitat for many species. This paper shows how exurbia can be developed for housing at the same time as the urban area, so that development occurs in widely separated areas. Exurban development is characterized by the use of septic systems so the parcel sizes are larger than average ...

Bioretention or rain garden is a preferable low impact development (LID) approach due to its characteristics which reflect natural water cycle processes. However, this system is still little understood and quite complicated in terms of design and implementation due to many technical considerations. Hence, this paper gives a review of the challenges and developments for the use of bioretention f...

Studies are intended on rural and urban populations in our part of Pakistan as there is a great diversity in diet, living conditions, family income etc. Anaemias are known to be very common especially among the urban poor, in rural areas and especially among women. In pregnancy, it is probably true to say that almost all of the lower income groups are anaemic. Many people from the northern area...

Capital outflow during industrialization and urbanization is a primary reason for global rural recession, China no exception. Since focuses on the integrated development of urban areas, urban-rural capital flow affects transformation sustainable areas. However, few studies have focused this issue. Based long-term field observations Wufang Village in Shanghai, we established an analytical framew...

the cities are home to half of the people who live on the planet earth. they stimulate economic growth and cultural prosperity, but they are also the center of pollution and poverty. therefore, the livability of cities, in particular urban distressed areas, has always been one of the issues and challenges facing thinkers in different fields of urban management. however, the planning to improve ...