Robo keeps axons moving F or migrating axons, attraction becomes repulsion with the fl ip of an alternatively spliced switch, according to Zhe Chen, Marc Tessier-Lavigne (Genentech Inc., San Francisco, CA), and colleagues. A melange of chemoattractants and repellants guides growing axons to their targets. Axons that cross the midline of the spinal cord on their way toward the nascent brain, how...

Pollution associated with petrogenic hydrocarbons is increasing in Antarctica due to a combination of human activity and the continent’s unforgiving environmental conditions. The current study focuses on ability cold-adapted crude microbial consortium (BS24), isolated from soil north-west Antarctic Peninsula, metabolise diesel fuel as sole carbon source shake-flask setting. Factors expected inf...

Lead contamination is of great concern because of its adverse effects on human health, especially children. This research evaluated the effects of phosphate rock on chemical associations of Pb in eight Pb-contaminated soils using a sequential extraction procedure. The chemical fractions are operationally defined by an extraction sequence in the order of increasing ability to dissolve Pb of lowe...