We demonstrate a tunable electron-blocking layer to enhance the performance of an Earth-abundant metal-oxide solar-cell material. A 5 nm thick amorphous ternary metal-oxide buffer layer reduces interface recombination, resulting in sizable open-circuit voltage and efficiency enhancements. This work emphasizes the importance of interface engineering in improving the performance of Earth-abundant...

Jankov (characteristic) formulas were introduced 50 years ago in [7] and proved to be a very useful tool for studying a broad range of logics, e.g. intermediate, modal, fuzzy, relevant, many-valued, etc. All these different logics have one thing in common: in one or the other form they admit the deduction theorem. From the standpoint of algebraic logic it means that their corresponding varietie...

The rate of the degenerate isomerization of A^-hexafluoroisopropylidene-V,V-dimethyl-/?-phenylenediamine was measured by high-pressure F NMR spectroscopy in a viscous hydrocarbon, 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methylpentane. Pressure-induced retardations that cannot be rationalized within the framework of the transition state theory (TST) were observed, and it was concluded that the reaction was cast into...

In this note, we show that an ordered ternary semigroup is left and right simple if and only if it does not contain proper bi-ideals. The similar result is valid on ordered semigroups [7], on ordered Γ-semigroups [3] and on ternary semigroups [4]. Mathematics Subject Classification: 06F05

A nonerasing morphism σ is said to be weakly unambiguous with respect to a word s if σ is the only nonerasing morphism that can map s to σ(s), i. e., there does not exist any other nonerasing morphism τ satisfying τ(s) = σ(s). In the present paper, we wish to characterise those words with respect to which there exists such a morphism. This question is nontrivial if we consider so-called length-...

A novel 4-point ternary interpolatory subdivision scheme with a tension parameter is analyzed. It is shown that for a certain range of the tension parameter the resulting curve is C2. The role of the tension parameter is demonstrated by a few examples. There is a brief discussion of computational costs.  2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

the binary and ternary codes spanned by the rows of the point by block incidence matrices of some 2-designs and their complementary and orthogonal designs are studied. a new method is also introduced to study optimal codes.

T*-categories are introduced as a ternary generalization of C*-categories. Their linking C*-categories constructed and the Gelfand-Naimark representation theorems Zettl for C*-ternary rings W*-ternary rings, generalized to T*-categories. Biduals considered.

The distance between the corner of the L-shaped transfer RNA and the GTP bound to elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) in the aminoacyl-tRNA.EF-Tu.GTP ternary complex was measured using fluorescence energy transfer. The donor dye, fluorescein (Fl), was attached covalently to the 4-thiouridine base at position 8 of tRNAPhe, and aminoacylation yielded Phe-tRNAPhe-Fl8. The ribose of GTP was covalently mod...