We consider a manufacturer selling to a retailer with private demand forecast information arising dynamically over an infinite time horizon. We show that the manufacturer’s optimal dynamic long-term contract takes a simple form: in the first period, based on her private demand forecast, the retailer selects a wholesale price and pays an associated upfront fee, and, from then on, the two parties...

Digital preservation ensures continued access to digital information over time (e.g., 5, 15, 25 or 50 years). The long-term planning horizon of preserving relevant parts of a business processes raises a number of new research challenges for software design, development and maintenance (cf. [1]). In this paper we describe the challenges caused by the preservation of software and give a short ove...

OBJECTIVES To investigate the long-term clinical and economic outcomes associated with exenatide versus insulin glargine as "add-on" treatments to oral therapy in individuals with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with combination oral agents in the Swiss setting. METHODS A computer simulation model of diabetes was used to project complications, life expectancy, quality-adjusted life ex...

This review was aimed to evaluate health economic models used in evaluations of different treatment strategies spondyloarthritis (SpA). Model-based evaluation studies are increasing and complex with short-term long-term horizon applied investigate the cost-effectiveness SpA treatments. The objective this study carry out a systematic evolution SpA. Electronic searches within MEDLINE EMBASE were ...

We present Epoch-Greedy, an algorithm for contextual multi-armed bandits (also known as bandits with side information). Epoch-Greedy has the following properties: 1. No knowledge of a time horizon T is necessary. 2. The regret incurred by Epoch-Greedy is controlled by a sample complexity bound for a hypothesis class. 3. The regret scales asO(T S) or better (sometimes, much better). Here S is th...

The authors have recently proposed a ‘decision-based’ framework to design and maintain repairable systems. In their approach, a multiobjective optimization problem is solved to identify the best design using multiple short and long-term statistical performance metrics. The design solution considers the initial design, the system maintenance throughout the planning horizon, and the protocol to o...

a new mathematical model for the optimal production isformulated for the inventory management system under time-varyingand stochastic inflation environment for deteriorating items. the timehorizon is finite and demand rate is dependent to the inflation. in thereal situation, some but not all customers will wait for backlogged itemsduring a shortage period, such as for fashionable commodities or...

Traditionally, Electrical power plant capacities are determined after specific plant locations have been selected. In this paper an expansion policy of power plant centers involving the choice of regions that must be allocated to power plant centers and power plant centers capacities over a specified planning horizon (years) is tackled. The problem is performed as a mixed integerprogramming mod...

In the present paper, we provide a thermodynamical interpretation for the holographic dark energy model in a non-flat universe. For this case, the characteristic length is no more the radius of the event horizon (RE) but the event horizon radius as measured from the sphere of the horizon (L). Furthermore, when interaction between the dark components of the holographic dark energy model in the n...