Tobacco smoking or nicotine administration on its own can influence cognitive task performance. This study examined the effects of acute nicotine administration on verbal task performance and a physiological index of arousal. Healthy non-smoking participants received either a 2 mg sublingual nicotine tablet or placebo. Participants next completed various verbal tasks while heart rate recordings...

The current International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) M7 guideline on drug impurities states that two distinct in silico methodologies can be used to qualify certain drug impurities as not mutagenic. This paper outlines the development and use of a new expert rule-based system to predict the results of a bacterial mutagenesis assay. In the development of this system, an initial library of...

Stressful life events (SLEs) are frequently associated with a range of deleterious mental and physical health outcomes. However, some individuals exhibit resilience, defined as maintained or even improved health in the wake of SLEs. How and why might this be the case? Given that SLEs give rise to negative emotions, which in turn contribute to mental and physical illness, promising answers to qu...

The purpose of this article is to present the historical development and significant contributions leading to the current status of the program evaluation field. Program evaluation has been defined as “judging the worth or merit of something or the product of the process” (Scriven, 1991, p. 139). Guskey (2000) updated this definition stating that evaluation is a systematic process used to deter...

Growth, gas exchange, root hydraulic conductivity, and drought response of seedling and rooted cuttings of Lovell and Nemaguard peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch], and Carrizo (Poncirus trifoliata x Citrus sinensis) and sour orange (C. aurantium L.) citrus rootstocks were compared to determine the influence of propagation method on these characteristics. Rooted peach cuttings had a higher propo...

Most human prostate tumors are adenocarcinomas which arise from the epithelial cells that line the glands and ducts of the prostate. Consequently, the malignant epithelial cell, or more specifically genetic damage suffered by that malignant epithelial cell, has been the major focus of prostate cancer research to date. There is, however, increasing evidence to suggest that alterations in the str...

The radio frequency waves are used in communication between devices. The technologies which use the radio frequency as the medium of communication are Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC). Radio Frequency Identification technology employs a microchip called as smart tag with an antenna that broadcasts its unique 96-bit identifier and location to receivers. Ne...

Islamic finance is a prohibitions-driven industry, which aims primarily to circumvent the canonical Islamic prohibitions of riba and gharar. The concepts of riba and gharar may best be understood as unbundled sales of credit and risk, respectively. An obvious solution is to adopt mutual structures for financial intermediaries of credit (e.g. banks) and risk (e.g. insurance companies), as early ...

As a contribution to the lively debate that has been recently spawned among scholars about leadership preparation embedded in doctoral studies, this chapter explores the relationship between the current conception of the quality practitioner of educational leadership and the usefulness of learning how to conduct action research. The rst section describes the quality practitioner and shows how v...

Since 1980, twenty-two controlled studies of long-term cognitive-behavioural family interventions integrated with optimal drug and case management have shown substantial additional benefits for people with schizophrenic disorders. These include 14 random-controlled comparisons carried out with sound scientific methods, that document the significant clinical, social and economic advantages of th...