The dynamic nature of blood flow during hyperthermia therapy has made the control of minimum tumor temperature a difficult task. This paper presents initial studies of a novel approach to closed-loop control of local minimum tissue temperatures utilizing a newly developed estimation algorithm for use with conductive interstitial heating systems. The local minimum tumor temperature is explicitly...

We all know that the basic building block of any communication system is the reference voltage generator. The objective of reference generation is to establish a DC voltage or current that is independent of the supply and process and has a well-defined behavior with temperature. Band Gap Reference (BGR) is one of the most popular reference generators. In the conventional BGR circuit, the refere...

Many basic analog blocks and structures, which contain positive feedback loops, are vulnerable to the presence of one or more undesired stable equilibrium points. The phenomena of multiple equilibrium points is investigated with emphasis on using a temperature-domain representation to identify equilibrium points in some circuits that have a single positive feedback loop. By example, it is shown...

Abstract The extent to which teachers’ written corrective feedback (WCF) is conducive to ESL learners’ improvement has been discussed since Truscott’s claim in 1996. The mentioned debate continues because there has been lots of contrastive research studies with different results. This paper presents the results of a 2-month study of the effectiveness of WCF to 65 low intermediate Iranian learne...

The thermohaline circulation (THC) affects the meridional atmospheric temperature gradient and therefore the atmospheric wind and the wind driven ocean circulation. The wind driven circulation (WDC), in turn, affects the THC by the advection of salinity anomalies into deep water formation sites. This paper considers this two way coupling between the WDC and THC, using tools from engineering fee...

A positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) tends to have stronger cold sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the eastern Indian Ocean with greater impacts than warm SSTAs that occur during its negative phase. Two feedbacks have been suggested as the cause of positive IOD skewness, a positive Bjerknes feedback and a negative SST-cloud-radiation (SCR) feedback, but their relative importance is...

Temperature is one of the main loads super-high arch dams. (1) Background: a dam in southwest China was taken as an example this paper and temporal-spatial evolution law temperature analyzed based on monitoring data. (2) Methods: finite element simulation analysis method adopted to invert boundary conditions upstream surface thermal parameters concrete, process long-term operation simulated ana...

[1] In summer on the shallow New England continental shelf, near the coast the water temperature is much cooler than the observed surface heat flux suggests. Using depth‐integrated heat budgets in 12 and 27 m water depth calculated from observed surface heat flux, water temperature, and velocity, we demonstrate that on time scales of weeks to months the water is persistently cooled due to a mea...

The sensitivity of global climate with respect to forcing is generally described in terms of the global climate feedback—the global radiative response per degree of global annualmean surface temperature change.While the global climate feedback is often assumed to be constant, its value—diagnosed from global climate models—shows substantial time variation under transient warming. Here a reformul...