This paper analyses the effects of manipulating the cognitive complexity of L2 oral tasks on language production. It specifically focuses on self-repairs, which are taken as a measure of accuracy since they denote both attention to form and an attempt at being accurate. By means of a repeated measures design, 42 lower-intermediate students were asked to perform three different tasks types (a na...

the purpose of this research was to analyze efl writing tasks in the most popular esol (english for speakers of other languages) exam preparation courses in iran: ielts, toefl, fce and cae. having collected the criteria of writing task appropriateness in light of the process-oriented approach to writing instruction, 114 learner participants were asked to rate efl writing tasks based on a checkl...

This paper describes the summarization methods used by the team FLAB (gid040) for text summarization tasks in the NTCIR-2 workshop. The focus is on the effectiveness of an extrinsic evaluation based on relevance assessment in information retrieval with reference to the evaluation results obtained for a task B. The team FLAB submitted two types of summaries for the task: baseline summaries and t...

This study was an investigation of how particular processing tasks influence L2 reading in relation to text type effects and L2 reading proficiency. Two groups of Japanese university EFL students (N = 103), varying in English reading proficiency, read a narrative passage and an expository passage in one of three task conditions: outlining, answering embedded questions, and reading only. All thr...

The use case point (UCP) method is one of the most commonly used size estimation methods in software development. Applicability of UCP size for the project effort estimation is thoroughly investigated; however, little attention is devoted to the effort estimation of particular task types. The authors have created and cross-compared prediction models for estimating task-type efforts by means of ...

this study examined the effects of task complexity on written narrative production under different task complexity conditions by efl learners at different proficiency levels. task complexity was manipulated along robinson’s (2001b) proposed task complexity dimension of here-and-now (simple) vs. there-and-then (complex) in. accordingly, three specific measures of the written narratives were targ...

iii   this study was an attempt to determine the effect of task-based approach vs. traditional approach on the narrative and expository writing of the iranian efl learners. there were two control groups as well as two experimental ones in the current study. in the two control groups namely g1 and g2 narrative and expository writing were taught respectively using the traditiona...

background nowadays task sharing is a way to optimize utilization of human resources for health. this study was designed to assess the effect of task sharing, mutually between midwives and family health workforces (fhws), on the number of needed staff across the iranian health posts.   methods the workload and required number of midwives and fhws in a health post were calculated and compared in...