Accommodative lags, induced by a target at 33 cm (distance-induced condition) and by a -3.0 D lens (lens-induced condition), and wavefront aberrations were measured in 27 young myopic eyes. The accommodative lags and Strehl ratios derived from the wavefront aberrations in myopes were compared with those from 57 emmetropes. Accommodation was measured using a Canon R-1 autorefractor, while aberra...

Radiologists make their main analysis and diagnosis based on careful observation of medical images, although there are all kinds of automatic methods under development. Radiologists typically use a scroll mouse to click on an image when they find something interesting, and they also use the mouse to navigate through the image slices in volumetric scans. Thus they perform many thousands of mouse...

In this paper, we propose a dual-microphone target-directional speech enhancement system utilizing target-to-non-target directional signal ratio (TNR) based on dual-microphone phase differences in adverse noise environments. One of the important issues associated with multi-microphone speech enhancement methods is the effective utilization of spatial cues such as phase differences for target-sp...

BACKGROUND We used the introduction of free bus travel for young people in London in 2005 as a natural experiment with which to assess its effects on active travel, car use, road traffic injuries, assaults, and on one measure of social inclusion, total number of trips made. METHODS A controlled before-after analysis was conducted. We estimated trips by mode and distances travelled in the prei...

Background: We used a MapCHECK software-based dimensional dose distribution comparison method capable of evaluating point-to-point geometrical dose differences in volume to determine whether doses obtained from an enhanced computed tomography (CT)-based treatment plan, which better defines the target regions and organs at risk, differs from doses obtained from plain CT and then evaluated the fe...

Abstract We consider a moving target and an active pursing agent, modeled as intelligent Brownian particle capable of sensing the instantaneous location adjusting its direction motion accordingly. An analytical simulation study in two spatial dimensions reveals that pursuit performance depends on interplay between self-propulsion, reorientation, limited maneuverability, random noise. Noise is f...

Nearest neighbor cells in Rd are used to define coefficients of divergence (φ-divergences) between continuous multivariate samples. For large sample sizes, such distances are shown to be asymptotically normal with a variance depending on the underlying point density. The finite-dimensional distributions of the point measures induced by the coefficients of divergence converge to those of a gener...

It is commonly assumed that perceived distance in full-cue, ecologically valid environments is redundantly specified and approximately veridical. However, recent research has called this assumption into question by demonstrating that distance perception varies in different types of environments even under full-cue viewing conditions. We report five experiments that demonstrate an effect of envi...

We consider an Ishida and Korf Moving Target Search (MTS) algorithm with informational distance measures. Similarly to the previously defined Informational Learning Real-Time A* algorithm, the suggested algorithm acts on the set of partitions of the sample space, on which the probability mass function is defined. The information-based Rokhlin metric and its lower bound – Ornstein metric, give t...

In inclined U-notches, the mixed mode (I + II) loading occurs and the mode ratio can be increased by varying the notch angle. In this paper, the effect of the inclined U-notch geometry, i.e. the notch depth, the notch angle, the notch root radius, and the position of the notch with respect to supports, on the mode ratio (KII/KI) have been studied. Three-point bending and plane strain condition ...