The human immunodeficiency virus Tat protein binds specifically to an RNA stem-loop structure (TAR) that contains two helical stem regions separated by a three-nucleotide bulge. A single arginine within the basic region of Tat mediates specific binding to TAR, and arginine as the free amino acid also binds specifically to TAR. We have previously proposed a model in which interaction of the argi...

For the first time, the interaction between a series of small molecules and the TAR RNA of HIV-1 has been investigated by electric linear dichroism (ELD). The compounds tested include the DNA intercalating drugs proflavine and ethidium bromide and an amsacrine-4-carboxamide DNA-threading intercalator as well as the AT-specific DNA minor groove binders netropsin, Hoechst 33258, berenil and DAPI....

OBJECTIVES There are few reports on the outcome of total arch replacement (TAR) with concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG); the present study was aimed at analysing outcomes after TAR with CABG at our institute. METHODS Between January 2002 and December 2012, 123 consecutive patients underwent elective TAR with or without CABG. The patients were divided into two groups: 46 who ha...

We report all-atom molecular dynamics and replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations on the unbound human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) transactivation responsive region (TAR) RNA structure and three TAR RNA structures in bound conformations of, in total, approximately 250 ns length. We compare the extent of observed conformational sampling with that of the conceptually simpler and...

Binding of the Tat protein to TAR RNA is necessary for viral replication of HIV-1. We screened the Available Chemicals Directory (ACD) to identify ligands to bind to a TAR RNA structure using a four-step docking procedure: rigid docking first, followed by three steps of flexible docking using a pseudobrownian Monte Carlo minimization in torsion angle space with progressively more detailed confo...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In failed total ankle replacements (TARs), fusion is often the procedure of preference; the outcome after exchanging prosthetic components is debated. We analyzed prosthetic survival, self-reported function, and patient satisfaction after component exchange. Patients and methods We identified patients in the Swedish Ankle Registry who underwent exchange of a tibial and/or...

[1] The Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study of summer 2002 (YACS) occurred during an active fire season in the western United States and provided an opportunity to investigate many unresolved issues related to the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols. Single particle analysis was performed on field-collected aerosol samples using an array of electron microscopy techniques. Amorphou...

Multicomponent nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminants that are mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are examined using UNIFAC. The NAPL phase activity coefficients for constituent compounds of four different coal tar materials are estimated. The group contribution approach is adapted to describe representative molecular structures of the uncharacterized fractions of the tar ...

The interaction between the arginine-rich motif (ARM) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Tat protein and TAR RNA is essential for Tat activation and viral replication. Two related lentiviruses, bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) and Jembrana disease virus (JDV), also require Tat ARM-TAR interactions to mediate activation, but the viruses have evolved different RNA-binding strategies. In...

BACKGROUND Surgical management of traumatic aortic rupture (TAR) is controversial, specifically whether distal aortic perfusion modifies the outcome. HYPOTHESIS The outcome of patients who undergo repair of TAR is not dependent on the technique of repair. DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING Tertiary care teaching hospital, level I regional trauma center. PATIENTS One hundred fifteen vi...