Effective and economical tools are needed for treating ship ballast to meet new regulatory requirements designed to reduce the introduction of invasive aquatic species from ship traffic. We tested the efficacy of hydroxide stabilization as a ballast disinfection tool in replicated, sequential field trials on board the M/V Ranger III in waters of Lake Superior. Ballast water was introduced into ...

A method is described that obviates the need for vacuum and tanks of gas mixtures for anaerobiosis in the anaerobic incubator.

INTRODUCTION E-cigarettes can be categorized into two basic types, (1) cigalikes, that are disposable or use pre-filled cartridges and (2) tanks, that can be refilled with liquids. The aims of this study were to examine: (1) predictors of using the two e-cigarette types, and (2) the association between type used, frequency of use (daily vs. non-daily vs. no use), and quitting. METHODS Online ...

be from pipe and connection breaks rather than structural failure of distribution reservoirs (as long as the reservoirs have been designed for lateral loading). Most of the examples of storage tanks and distribution reservoirs impacted by the 1994 Northridge and 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu earthquakes appear to have been of steel construction rather than of reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete ...

In Australia, rainwater is an important source of water for many households. Unlike municipal water, rainwater is often consumed untreated. This study investigated the potential contamination of rainwater by microorganisms. Samples from 53 rainwater tanks across the Adelaide region were collected and tested using Colilert™ IDEXX Quanti-Tray*/2000. Twenty-eight out of the 53 tanks (53%) containe...

Introduction Mixing in stirred tanks is driven by the impeller-generated convective motion at larger scales, by turbulent transfer at smaller scales and diffusion at molecular scales. Smith reported that the lack of a fundamental understanding of the processes in stirred vessels leads to losses in the order of US$10 billion per year due to non-optimal energy utilisation. Thus, there is a need t...