conclusions eoao showed an analgesic effect that may involve both the central and peripheral nervous systems. background the althaea officinalis (marshmallow) plant is traditionally used to treat skin burns and constipation and to reduce inflammation. objectives the aim of this study was to evaluate the acute and chronic analgesic effects of the essential oil of althaea officinalis leaves (eoao...

Objective(s) The present study was undertaken to investigate the nociception activity of promethazine, a tranquillizer devoid of hypnotic activity in mice. Materials and Methods Antinociception was evaluated, using the acetic acid-induced writhing, tail flick, hot plate and formalin pain tests. Results Promethazine (4 and 6 mg/kg) and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) produced a significant...

Objective(s): Analgesic effects of oxytocin and it's the other physiological effects were well-known. The aim of present study was determination of nitric oxide role on analgesic effects of oxytocin in mice. Materials and Methods: 216 male Albino mice were divided randomly into two experimental groups, tail flick and formalin test. Each experimental group consists of three main groups includin...

The development of combination therapy is a coherent approach in severe pain treatment. The present study investigated the antinociceptive effect of pregabalin alone and in combination with tramadol in acute pain modeling. Therefore, three groups of male mice received either pregabalin (1 to 400 mg/Kg), tramadol (10 to 80 mg/Kg) or their combination intraperitoneally. Then latency time, maximum...

Zinc is concentrated in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and has been proposed to alter excitability of primary afferent C-fibers, structures believed to be important in nociceptive transmission. Based on the inhibitory effect of zinc on the activity of various other neurotransmitters that play a role in nociception, we tested the hypothesis that zinc modulates pain transmission. To test this...

BACKGROUND Intrathecal administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is antinociceptive to noxious heat and electrical stimuli. The contributions of different receptor subtypes to the antinociceptive effects of 5-HT are controversial. The main reasons for this are the poor receptor subtype selectivity of some agonist drugs and the difficulty of restricting drug action to the spinal cord in some ...

BACKGROUND Pregabalin as a new anticonvulsant has been used in different pain treatments. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) ligands in antinociceptive effect of pregabalin in mice using tail flick. MATERIALS AND METHODS NMDA (15 and 30 mg/kg) as an agonist or MK801 (0.02 and 0.05 mg/kg) as an antagonist were injected intraperitoneall...

Introduction: Nucleus cuneiformis (NCF), as part of descending pain inhibitory system, cooperates with periaqueductal gray (PAG) and rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in supraspinal modulation of pain. Cannabinoids have analgesic effects in the PAG, RVM and NCF. The transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1(TRPV1) can be activated by anandamide and WIN55,212-2 as a cannabinoid receptor ago...

BACKGROUND Hybanthus enneaspermus (HE) leaves are being used traditionally to relieve pain, and scientific studies have demonstrated their analgesic potential. This study attempted to elucidate the pharmacological mechanism(s) involved in the analgesic action of ethanol extract of H. enneaspermus leaves (EEHE). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two male Wistar rats were separately randomized into s...