The Escherichia coli bacteriophage T4 has served as a classic system in phage biology for more than 60 years. Only recently have phylogenetic analyses and genomic comparisons demonstrated the existence of a large, diverse, and widespread superfamily of T4-like phages in the environment. We report here on the T4-like major capsid protein (MCP) sequences that were obtained by targeted polymerase ...

Four cows received thyroxine injections (T4; 20 mg/d) and three cows received growth hormone injections (GH; 44 mg/d) for 4 d during successive 16-d experimental periods. Measurement was made of milk yield, protein yield, mammary tyrosine and phenylalanine uptake, blood plasma hormone concentrations, mammary blood flow and cardiac output. Milk yield increased by 25% with T4 and 21% with GH trea...

Recent evidence suggests that the thyroid hormone L-thyroxine (T4) stimulates growth of cancer cells via a plasma membrane receptor on integrin alphaVbeta3. The contribution of this recently described receptor for thyroid hormone and receptor-based stimulation of cellular mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK; extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)] activity, to enhancement of cell...

The ability of a ciliate to inactivate bacteriophage was studied because these viruses are known to influence the size and diversity of bacterial populations, which affect nutrient cycling in natural waters and effluent quality in sewage treatment, and because ciliates are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, including sewage treatment plants. Tetrahymena thermophila was used as a representative...

Recent studies have shown purified preparations of phage T4 UV DNA-incising activity (T4 UV endonuclease or endonuclease V of phage T4) contain a pyrimidine dimer-DNA glycosylase activity that catalyzes hydrolysis of the 5' glycosyl bond of dimerized pyrimidines in UV-irradiated DNA. Such enzyme preparations have also been shown to catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in UV-irradiate...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to compare various parameters in patients with hypothyroidism receiving either monotherapy with L-thyroxine (L-T4) or combination therapy with L-T4 and L-triiodothyronine (L-T3). DESIGN We conducted a randomized, controlled trial in 36 premenopausal women with hypothyroidism. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A (n=20) received only L-T4...

Bacteriophage T4 uses two modes of replication initiation: origin-dependent replication early in infection and recombination-dependent replication at later times. The same relatively simple complex of T4 replication proteins is responsible for both modes of DNA synthesis. Thus the mechanism for loading the T4 41 helicase must be versatile enough to allow it to be loaded on R loops created by tr...

Neuronal computation underlying detection of visual motion has been studied for more than a half-century. In Drosophila, direction-selective T4/T5 neurons show supralinear signal amplification in response to stimuli moving in their preferred direction, in agreement with the prediction made by the Hassenstein-Reichardt detector. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism explaining how the Hassenstei...

We evaluated the fluorescence polarization immunoassay for total thyroxin (T4) and thyroxin-uptake (T-U) in the Abbott "TDx" Analyzer. Between-assay precision was good when we did once-fortnightly calibration and assayed samples in singleton. Measured T4 concentration was decreased in hemolyzed samples with obvious red coloration and undetectable in severely hemolyzed samples. The T-U assay was...