While the effect of TGF-β on malignant B cells in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been previously evaluated, studies to specifically define the role of TGF-β in tumor immunity in B-cell NHL are limited. We found that soluble TGF-β, secreted by both lymphoma cells and intratumoral T cells, is present in the serum of patients with B-cell NHL. Soluble TGF-β promoted regulatory T (T(reg)) cells by e...

An integral-valued set function f : 2 7→ Z is called polymatroid if it is submodular, non-decreasing, and f(∅) = 0. Given a polymatroid function f and an integer threshold t ≥ 1, let α = α(f, t) denote the number of maximal sets X ⊆ V satisfying f(X) < t, let β = β(f, t) be the number of minimal sets X ⊆ V for which f(X) ≥ t, and let n = |V |. We show that if β ≥ 2 then α ≤ β , where c = c(n, β...

where ( ) ( ) + − − − = β α ) ( ) ( ) ( t l t l t M , ( ) ( ) + − − − = ) ( ) ( ) ( t l t l t N α β ; ) (t l is the cumulative default loss at time t ; α and β denote the tranche attachment and detachment points , respectively; ) , ( s t B is the timet price of a pure discount bond maturing at times , and ) , ( s t f the instantaneous forward rate; ω is the payment interval for tranche premium ...

Overexpression of the T cell cytokine IL-22 is linked to the development of some chronic diseases, but little is known about IL-22 deficiency in humans. As demonstrated in this study, acne inversa (AI; also designated as Hidradenitis suppurativa) lesions show a relative deficiency of IL-22 and IL-20, but not of IL-17A, IL-26, IFN-g, IL-24, or IL-1b. Moreover, AI lesions had reduced expression o...

Antibodies to nuclear constituents particularly to native deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) have been detected in the serum and tissues of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease when deposited as immune complexes (Tan, Schur, Carr, and Kunkel, 1966). The methods used for the detection in serum included immunoprecipitation (Seligmann, 19...

These sets were introduced in the domain of quasicrystallography, see e.g. [2]. It is not difficult to see that Z−β =Z when β ∈Z, and that Z−β = {0} when β < 1+ √ 5 2 . For β ≥ 1+ √ 5 2 , Ambrož et al. [1] showed that Z−β can be described by the fixed point of an anti-morphism on a possibly infinite alphabet. They also calculated explicitely the set of distances between consecutive (−β )-intege...

These sets were introduced in the domain of quasicrystallography, see e.g. [2]. It is not difficult to see that Z−β =Z when β ∈Z, and that Z−β = {0} when β < 1+ √ 5 2 . For β ≥ 1+ √ 5 2 , Ambrož et al. [1] showed that Z−β can be described by the fixed point of an anti-morphism on a possibly infinite alphabet. They also calculated explicitely the set of distances between consecutive (−β )-intege...

In this paper, we establish several oscillation criteria for the nonlinear second-order damped delay dynamic equation ( r(t)|xΔ(t)|β−1xΔ(t) )Δ + p(t)|xΔσ(t)|β−1xΔσ(t) + q(t)f(x(τ(t))) = 0 on an arbitrary time scale T, where β > 0 is a constant. Our results generalize and improve some known results in which β > 0 is a quotient of odd positive integers. Some examples are given to illustrate our m...