matosus. A similar case of Sjogren syndrome and subsequent development of systemic lupus erythematosus has been reported in a 12 year old boy.3 In our patient, two points remain to be clarified, whether the seizures were the first symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus central nervous system involvement and whether any relation can be found between the phenobarbitone treatment and the onset of...

Proliferative lupus nephritis is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Despite improvements in the management of lupus nephritis, a significant number of the patients do not respond to immunosuppressive therapy and progress to end-stage renal failure. In order to optimise the diagnostic strategy and treatment of patients with proliferative ...

BACKGROUND Thyroid autoimmunity is considered the most common type of organ-specific autoimmune disorder and can be associated with other autoimmune endocrine disorders or non-endocrine diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a prototypical autoimmune disorder with multifactorial etiology. The pathogenesis and development of the disease may result from a loss of immune tolerance and the resul...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Multiple sclerosis and neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus are autoimmune diseases with similar CNS inflammatory and neurodegenerative characteristics. Our aim was to investigate white matter tract changes and their association with cognitive function in patients with MS and those with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus compared with healthy controls ...

OBJECTIVE To provide an update on cutaneous tuberculosis in Hong Kong. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Social Hygiene Service (Dermatology Division), the largest dermatological referral centre in Hong Kong. PATIENTS Patients presented with cutaneous tuberculosis between 1993 and 2002 inclusive. Case notes, histology reports, and microbiological reports were reviewed with particular re...

Anticardiolipin antibodies are a group of antiphospholipid autoantibodies seen primarily in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and other autoimmune diseases. We report 3 patients, 2 without systemic lupus, who suffered ischemic brain infarction associated with these antibodies in the absence of detectable lupus anticoagulant activity. Anticardiolipin antibodies, possibly associated with...

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a group of diseases that seem to become separate entities by etiology in the near future. Its pathogenesis remains elusive; however, multifactorial interactions among genetic and environmental factors may be involved. Systemic lupus erythematosus is the perfect prototype of autoimmune disorder with multiple derangements, starting from innate immunity to adaptive ...

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with an as yet unknown etiopathogenesis. It is widely thought that self-immunization in systemic lupus is driven by defective clearance of dead and dying cells. In lupus patients, large numbers of apoptotic cells accumulate in various tissues including germinal centers. In the present review, we discuss the danger signals relea...

Predominant interstitial nephritis is a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. Only seven cases have been reported in the literature. Owing to the rarity of this entity, the natural history of predominant interstitial nephritis in lupus has not been adequately recorded and an appropriate therapeutic approach has yet to be defined. In this report we present the case of a 25 year old...

Systemic lupus erythematosus is a complex autoimmune disease with multisystem involvement with varied presentation. Autoimmune adrenal disease, on the other hand, can be associated with other autoimmune diseases. Adrenal insufficiency as a presenting feature of Systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare occurrence. We hereby report a case of a 20 year-old female who presented to us in an acute hypo...