The spread of HIV infection into leishmaniasis endemic areas has increased the incidence of immunosupressed patients with kalaazar in Portugal. The dermotropic zymodeme MON-24 of leishmania infantum has been already isolated from a Portuguese AIDS patient, as in some other Mediterranean countries. In this paper we report the isolation of L. donovani MON-18 from a drug addicted Portuguese patien...

We describe a simple and feasible procedure for performing intravenous administration of substances in the gerbil. Under light anaesthesia, animals were held in dorsal recumbency and a very small incision of skin, parallel to the femoral vein on the internal side of the thigh, was made. The vein is easily accessible via thin skin incision. An insulin syringe and a 30 G needle were used for the ...

How to improve placement accuracy of needle insertion into liver tissue is of paramount interest to physicians. A robot-assisted system was developed to experimentally demonstrate its advantages in needle insertion surgeries. Experiments of needle insertion into porcine liver tissue were performed with conic tip needle (diameter 8 mm) and bevel tip needle (diameter 1.5 mm) in this study. Manual...

BACKGROUND Digital nerve block is commonly performed by care providers in medical fields. This study compares the blocks in terms of effectiveness of anesthesia and pain. METHODS Patients were divided into two groups. First group underwent digital block whereas 2nd group had transmetacarpal digital block. The subcutaneous ring block was performed by two injections of 3 ml of 2% lignoca...

Needle-trap devices (NTDs) are another sorbent-based tool in the haystack of methods used analytical extractions. Syringe needles, similar to those for gas chromatography (GC) injection, can be partially filled with suitable sorbents and extracting collecting volatile organics, followed by injection into a GC instrument via thermal desorption. Although NTDs share many similarities advantages so...

The increasing use of human growth hormone (hGH) treatment has resulted in the introduction of a number of alternative delivery systems to conventional syringe and needle administration. We examined patients' evaluation of a new delivery system, the Kabipen (KabiVitrum). We also assessed the accuracy of hGH delivery by the Kabipen. Of the 77 survey respondents 13 had used only the Kabipen, 14 t...

1. A small hypodermic syringe is used, the needle of which is sterilized by boiling for 2?3 mins. in a test tube. The syringe is washed out with 1 in *20 carbolic lotion by means of drawing up some of the lotion into the syringe 3?4 times. A small spoon is also placed in the 1 in 20 carbolic lotion and is used to receive the quinine lotion when it is poured out from the bottle previous to chang...