Introduction The ability to quantify metabolites in vivo would improve the diagnosis of human diseases and lead to better understanding of basic physiologic processes. Noninvasive metabolite quantification can be achieved with MR spectroscopy using the synthetic signal injection method, which was previously reported by another research group[1]. The previously reported method originally claimed...

Neurotransmitters are chemical substances that, by definition, allow communication between neurons and permit most neuronal-glial interactions in the CNS. Approximately 80% of all neurons use glutamate, and almost all interneurons use GABA. A third neurotransmitter, NAAG, modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission. Concentration changes in these molecules due to defective synthetic machinery, re...

A cDNA encoding an endogenous inhibitor, termed calpastatin, for calcium-dependent cysteine protease (calpain, EC 3.4.22.17) was cloned by screening rabbit cDNA libraries with a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide probe based on the partial amino acid sequence of the purified protein. The deduced amino acid sequence contains 718 amino acid residues (Mr, 76,964), and the mature protein corresponds to...

Due to the effect of noise in brain MR images, it is difficult for the traditional fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm to obtain desirable segmentation results. Combining the information of patch to reduce the effect of noise has been a focus of current research. However, the traditional patch method is isotropic, so that it would lose the structure information easily. In this paper, a nov...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Quantitative MR imaging allows segmentation of different tissue types and automatic calculation of intracranial volume, CSF volume, and brain parenchymal fraction. Brain parenchymal fraction is calculated as (intracranial volume - CSF volume) / intracranial volume. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the automatic calculation of intracranial CSF volume or br...

Université de Lyon 1, INSERM, CNRS, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, France Simultaneous MR-PET imaging opens new perspectives for understanding many aspects of brain function. However, accurate brain attenuation correction (AC) is required for absolute PET quantification. Radiodensity maps for AC are not readily available in PET-MR. Various strategies have been proposed to generate sub...

Intensity inhomogeneity or intensity non-uniformity (INU) is an undesired phenomenon that represents the main obstacle for MR image segmentation and registration methods. Various techniques have been proposed to eliminate or compensate the INU, most of which are embedded into clustering algorithms. This paper proposes a pre-filtering technique for Gaussian and impulse noise elimination, and a s...

The Prony methods are used for exponential fitting. We use a variant of the Prony method for abnormal brain tissue detection in sequences of T 2 weighted magnetic resonance images. Here, MR images are considered to be affected only by Rician noise, and a new wavelet domain bilateral filtering process is implemented to reduce the noise in the images. This filter is a modification of Kazubek's al...

Abstract Late watergrass [ Echinochloa phyllopogon (Stapf) Koss.] has evolved multiple-resistance (MR) to herbicides in many areas worldwide and scientists wonder if this resistance imposed fitness cost or advantage on the resistant biotypes. As of weed also been recorded Greece, one susceptible (S), with ALS (penoxsulam, bispyribac, imazamox nicosulfuron + rimsulfuron) ACCase-cyhalofop (MRAC) ...