Purchasing and supply leaders continually search for ways to improve the quality, delivery, and cost of production inputs. Their participation in these proactive supply chain activities can be a significant driver of purchasing and supply management’s use of information technology (IT). Using a transaction cost analysis perspective, we surveyed purchasing and supply professionals at the directo...

Critics of current tying doctrine argue that metering ties can increase consumer welfare and total welfare without increasing output and that they generally increase both welfare measures. Contrary to those claims, we prove that metering ties always lower both consumer welfare and total welfare unless they increase capital good output. We further show that under market conditions we argue are r...

With the rising cost of healthcare, most households are resorting to out-of-pocket financing or borrowing finance high health care. Intuitively, healthcare's is a global concern and subject thorough economic debate. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 focuses on care for all ages promote everyone's healthy lifestyle. There two objectives this study, these as follows: (1) Examine relation...

Figure/ground assignment, in which the visual image is divided into nearer (figural) and farther (ground) surfaces, is an essential step in visual processing, but its underlying computational mechanisms are poorly understood. Figural assignment (often referred to as border ownership) can vary along a contour, suggesting a spatially distributed process whereby local and global cues are combined ...

T wo terms have all but surpassed the cliché stage in our current lexicon: the Internet of Things (IoT) and sustainability. The notion of the IoT, or the Internet of Anything (IoA),1 as we prefer to call it, is widely prevalent. Taken to extremes, the IoA subsumes drones, smart swarms, the smart grid, intelligent buildings, and autonomous cyber-physical and cyber-biological systems, each of whi...

Although set-up costs are prevalent and substantial in natural resource extraction, their analysis in decentralized markets is difficult. In particular, it is known that a Walrasian competitive equilibrium cannot exist in simple extraction models with set-up costs thus rendering standard competitive equilibrium analysis inapplicable. However, this paper demonstrates that this result is sensitiv...