Background: Various methods of ART have been able help to many women to have children. Surrogacy is one of these methods that is performed in Iran like other country. According to development of this method we need to survey of all, legal, religious, moral, psychological and sociological aspects. Materials and Methods: A review of library. Results: Although in most of volunteers of Surrogacy wo...

As part of a book symposium on Nicholas Vrousalis' Exploitation as Domination: What Makes Capitalism Unjust (2023), Gulzaar Barn suggests that while account provides compelling story why capitalist labour relations are unjustly exploitative, difficulties arise in its application to other cases such surrogacy.

In this note, we address the problem of surrogacy using a causal modelling framework that differs substantially from the potential outcomes model that pervades the biostatistical literature. The framework comes from econometrics and conceptualizes direct effects of the surrogate endpoint on the true endpoint. While this framework can incorporate the so-called semi-competing risks data structure...