The field of dentistry is constantly changing with the introduction new materials and techniques that resulted in good treatment outcome.Bio-ceramics are amongst recently introduced which have changed face dentistry. Bioceramics biocompatible, nontoxic, non-shrinking usually chemically stable within biological environment.The development bioceramic based has greatly improved dentist’s possibili...

Molecular engineering has bought revolution into endodontics. Nanoparticles are particles of 1-100nm in dimension. Their small size, increased surface to volume ratio, specific properties and charge produces desirable for endodontic usage. It been incorporated sealers, obturating materials, restorative disinfectants etc name a few. However, there is other side it. These micrometre-sized can eas...

Figure 1b: A 10-year post-treatment radiograph reveals excellent healing and confirms the importance of treating root canal systems. Introduction There are enormous differences in opinion regarding the potential to 3-dimensionally clean a root canal system. Elimination of pulpal tissue, bacteria (when present), and their related breakdown products is directly influenced by a series of procedura...

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent can bind to metals via four carboxylate and two amine groups. It is a polyamino carboxylic acid and a colorless, water-soluble solid, which is widely used to dissolve lime scale. It is produced as several salts, notably disodium EDTA and calcium disodium EDTA. EDTA reacts with the calcium ions in dentine and forms soluble calcium chela...

Cognitive dissonance is the existence of views, attitudes, or beliefs which are inconsistent or incompatible with one another but, nonetheless, are held simultaneously by the same person. In a penetrating article, Edwin G. Boring (1), Edgar Pierce Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Harvard University, has documented the existence of cognitive dissonance among scientists who, after all, he said...