In this paper, the general case of an anisotropic thermo-electro elastic body subjected to static biasing fields is considered. The biasing fields may be introduced by heat flux, body forces, external surface tractions, and electric fields. By introducing proper thermodynamic functions and employing variational principle for a thermo-electro elastic body, the nonlinear constitutive relations an...

We demonstrate the imaging of buried features in a microstructure—a tiny hole in an aluminum thin film covered by a chromium layer—with nanometer lateral resolution using a transient temperature distribution restricted to within ;0.5 mm of the sample surface. This is achieved by mapping photothermally induced megahertz surface vibrations in an atomic force microscope. Local thermal probing with...

We study the shift of the energy levels of electrons on a helium surface due to the coupling to the quantum field of surface vibrations. As in quantum electrodynamics, the coupling is known, and it is known to lead to an ultraviolet divergence of the level shifts. We show that there are diverging terms of different nature and use the Bethe-type approach to show that they cancel each other, to l...

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of pyrazine and pyridine adsorbed on an “unroughened” Au(210) electrode surface have been obtained for the first time. The SERS spectra indicate that both pyridine and pyrazine adsorb on the Au(210) electrode via their nitrogen lone pairs (end-on configuration). The integrated SERS intensities from the ring-breathing vibrations (ca. 1010 cm-1 for...

This paper presents an overview of an interactive multimedia vibrations program called GT Vibrations. GT Vibrations contains a series of modules that deal with elementary vibrations, transient vibrations, and continuous systems. The program is intended to be used as a supplemental tool for undergraduate courses in vibrations and system dynamics at Georgia Tech. The underlying goal of the progra...

one of the most important challenges in the development of urban railways network is the effects of railway vibrations on human and adjacent structures. although various investigations into the sources of railway vibrations have been conducted, very few research works have been reported on the influences of track geometry parameters on the level of vibrations. this is addressed in this research...

The in-plane density of phonon states of clean Fe(110) surface was measured separately for the first, second, and further atomic monolayers using nuclear inelastic scattering of synchrotron radiation. The results show that atoms of the first layer vibrate with frequencies significantly lower and amplitudes much larger than those in the bulk, and that vibrational spectra along two perpendicular ...

Anisotropic ratchet conveyors (ARCs) are a recently developed microfluidic platform that transports liquid droplets through a passive, microfabricated surface pattern and applied orthogonal vibrations. In this work, three new functionalities are presented for controlling droplet transport on the ARC system. These devices can pause droplet transport (ARC gate), decide between two pathways of dro...

Premature failure of rail axle bearings causes a significant increase in train operating costs and can impact train safety. A new on-board condition monitoring approach provided by Perpetuum Ltd is fitted on passenger trains to provide the operator with real-time information on bearing health. This new technology allows the detection of early bearing damage. This paper reports an initial study ...

Surface phonons, conductivities, and loss functions are calculated for reconstructed (2×1), p(2×2) and c(4×2) clean Si(001) surfaces, and (2×1) H and D covered Si(001) surfaces. Surface conductivities perpendicular to the surface are significantly smaller than conductivities parallel to the surface. The surface loss function is compared to high resolution electron energy loss measurements. Ther...