The large burden of sulfate aerosols injected into the stratosphere by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in 1991 cooled Earth and enhanced the destruction of polar ozone in the subsequent few years. The continuous injection of sulfur into the stratosphere has been suggested as a "geoengineering" scheme to counteract global warming. We use an empirical relationship between ozone depletion and chlor...

The effects of future land use and land cover change on the chemical composition of the atmosphere and air quality are largely unknown. To investigate the potential effects associated with future changes in vegetation driven by atmospheric CO2 concentrations, climate, and anthropogenic land use over the 21 century, we performed a series of model experiments combining a general circulation model...

The ozone radiative forcings (RFs) resulting from projected changes in climate, ozone-depleting substances (ODSs), non-methane ozone precursor emissions and methane between the years 2000 and 2100 are calculated using simulations from the UM-UKCA chemistry– climate model (UK Met Office’s Unified Model containing the United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols sub-model). Projected measures to improve...

In this review article, we explore how surface-level ozone affects trees and crops with special emphasis on consequences for productivity and carbon sequestration. Vegetation exposure to ozone reduces photosynthesis, growth, and other plant functions. Ozone formation in the atmosphere is a product of NOx, which are also a source of nitrogen deposition. Reduced carbon sequestration of temperate ...

This research investigates the efficacy of gaseous ozone, applied under partial vacuum in a controlled reaction chamber, for the elimination of Salmonella inoculated on melon rind. The performance of high dose, short duration treatment with gaseous ozone, in this pilot system, on the microbial and sensory quality of fresh-cut cantaloupes was also evaluated. Gaseous ozone (10,000 ppm for 30 min ...

Ozone exposure produces acute inflammation and neutrophil influx in the distal lung. Alveolar epithelial cells cover a large surface area, secrete chemokines, and may initiate or modify the inflammatory response. The effect of ozone on chemokine production by these cells has not been defined. Isolated rat type II cells were cultured in different conditions to express the morphologic appearance ...

Models predict that CO• doubling in the desefi• by Miohelangeli et al. (1992) and it includes the atmosphere cools the stratosphere by as much as 10øC. We effects ofabsorption, Rayleigh and aerosol scattering without argue that this effect alone, through the temperature polarization. dependence of the ozone spectrum, can result in an increase In this model, the temperature-dependent ozone absor...

Abstract. Fire is an important source of ozone (O3) precursors. The formation surface O3 can cause damage to vegetation and reduce stomatal conductance. Such processes feed back inhibit dry deposition indirectly enhance O3. Here, we apply a fully coupled chemistry–vegetation model estimate the indirect contributions global fires through O3–vegetation feedback during 2005–2012. emissions directl...

Correlations between surface ozone and meteorological variables exhibit a north-south gradient over the Eastern United States (US), with the ozoneetemperature correlation weakening and the ozoneehumidity correlation transitioning from positive to negative south of 37 N. Using 17 years of hourly August ozone, nitrogen oxide, and isoprene measurements from the Environmental Protection Agency’s Ai...

[1] The impact of the heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5 on tropospheric gas phase and particle phase chemistry was investigated by performing model simulations with two comprehensive model systems and taking into account recent findings on the heterogeneous reaction probability of N2O5. Hereby, we focused on photosmog conditions in the lower troposphere. Chemistry box model runs were carried out...