Minesweeper is a simple one−player computer game commonly found on machines with popular operating systems such as Linux or Microsoft Windows. The game consists of a 2 dimensional rectangular playing field (or board) where some known number of mines have been hidden. Initially, all of the squares on the board are "covered up" and no information is given to indicate the location of the mines. Th...

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) has surgically treated 49 946 war wounded from all sides of the Afghan conflict. Two hospitals were established in Peshawar (1981) and Quetta (1983) on the Afghan border of Pakistan and inside Afghanistan in Kabul (1988). One quarter of all war wounded were injured as a result of antipersonnel mines. In 1980 a UN weapons convention adopted spe...

Treated effluent discharge from uranium (U) mines and mills elevates the concentrations of U, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfate (SO4 (2-) ) above natural levels in receiving waters. Many investigations on the effect of hardness on U toxicity have been experiments on the combined effects of changes in hardness, pH, and alkalinity, which do not represent water chemistry downstream of U mi...

Due to terrain and transportation constraints, some open cast mines have choose a weak basement as their tailings dumping grounds. Therefore, ensuring the bearing capacity slope stability of grounds on is great significance for production economic benefits mining. To ensure safety surrounding facilities normal mines, ground certain mine was calculated using oblique strip method verified by nume...

Bunch-holes blasting (several blastholes arranged in a bunch with short spacing and detonated simultaneously to form large common crater) is typically used underground mines increase efficiency under single free surface. Considering the low accuracy of pyrotechnic detonators, which are commonly Chinese mines, bunch-holes same nominal times actually short-delay blasting, actual delay intervals i...

About 240,000 square kilometers of Earth's surface is disrupted by mining, which creates watersheds that are polluted by acidity, aluminum, and heavy metals. Mixing of acidic effluent from old mines and acidic soils into waters with a higher pH causes precipitation of amorphous aluminum oxyhydroxide flocs that move in streams as suspended solids and transport adsorbed contaminants. On the basis...

Patrick J. Kennelly* Assoc. Research Professor & GIS Manager Montana Tech of the University of Montana Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology 1300 W. Park Street Butte, MT 59701 Hillshading renders a surface with a three-dimensional appearance using shades of gray. Although shades appear as continuous tones, they must undergo a halftoning process for use with most computer output devices. This pro...

-Increasing returns to scale (RTS) is frequently postulated as affecting productivity in surface coal mining. However, it is not clear whether increased capital intensity or increased output is the relevant phenomenon. A ray-homothetic production function that incorporates the capital-labor mix and fixed site geology into the scale elasticity is presented and estimated with a micro (mine level)...

A beamforming array is investigated for use in a radar system that is part of a hybrid acoustic/electromagnetic technique for detecting land mines. The radar is used to measure the surface displacement of the earth due to acoustic waves in the earth. The beamforming array is used to obtain small spatial resolution for the measurement of the displacement while allowing an adequate stando distanc...

In this paper, an infrastructure for monitoring remote equipment and solving some of the logistic challenges of operating satellite surface mines is presented. This infrastructure includes strategies for communicating timely and accurate information amongst operators, planners and supervisors, using off-the-shelf network protocols. Advanced data visualization techniques are implemented, so user...