The two heads of the gastrocnemius muscle, as well plantaris and soleus muscles, forms superficial muscular group in posterior compartment leg. incidental occurrence accessory slip lateral head muscle right lower limb, innervated by a twig from common peroneal nerve, is described this report. We identified an anomalous 8 cm long popliteal fossa during standard academic dissection male corpse at...

The Achilles tendon is the strongest and largest tendon in the body. It is the conjoined tendon of the gastrocnemius and the soleus muscles, and may have a small contribution from the plantaris. The muscles and the Achilles tendon are in the posterior, superficial compartment of the calf. Through the Achilles tendon, they are the main plantar flexors of the ankle. The Achilles tendon is subject...

Six months of enforced and voluntary endurance training of young female Wistar rats resulted in significant decreases of body weight and gastrocnemius muscle wet weight and protein content, and increases in heart weight and protein content, and liver protein content. The coenzyme Q and cytochrome c concentrations of cardiac, gastrocnemius, and deep red region of the vastus lateralis muscles wer...

Muscular variations in the lower extremity are frequently encountered when performing cadaveric dissections. The utility of supernumerary muscles assumes importance in reparative foot surgery. The purpose of the current case study is to report the unilateral presence of double peroneal muscles in the evertors of the foot. The peroneal compartment of an adult Indian male cadaver was dissected du...

It has been shown that stimulation of cutaneous nerves innervating the hand (superficial radial, SR) and foot (superficial peroneal, SP) elicit widespread reflex responses in many muscles across the body. These interlimb reflex responses were suggested to be functionally relevant to assist in motor coordination between the arms and legs during motor tasks such as walking. The experiments descri...

BACKGROUND The craniocervical flexion test (CCFT) is a clinical test of the anatomical action of the deep cervical flexor muscles, the longus capitis, and colli. It has evolved over 15 years as both a clinical and research tool and was devised in response to research indicating the importance of the deep cervical flexors in support of the cervical lordosis and motion segments and clinical obser...

Balance disorders are a severe problem for the elderly. Exercise that can increase power of back muscles, leg muscles and dynamic balance is physical exercise in core stability (CSE). This study aimed to analyse exercise's effect on increasing muscle strength, Fifty-six elderly people aged 60-70 years were selected by simple random sampling as sample this study. The program was given CSE (n: 28...

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is located in the neck and is both a neck rotator and flexor. Cervical dystonia, a focal dystonia disorder, is characterized by forceful involuntary contraction of a group of neck muscles, usually including the sternocleidomastoid. Little is known about the fiber type composition, fiber type compartmentalization and innervation patterns in this muscle in rabbit an...

Since the beginning of modern plastic surgery discipline, facial aging has been a significant interest to plastic surgeons. One turning point for aesthetic surgery was the recognition that facial aging is more than skin deep and that any attempts at facial rejuvenation must address the subcutaneous connective tissue (i.e., fat, fascia, and muscle) [1-3]. Having been exposed to Tord Skoog’s pres...