In this study the first supercritical fluid based protocol for the extraction, analysis, and isolation of six polar compounds, i.e., o-vanillin (1), styracin (2), vanillin (3), trans-cinnamic acid (4), vanillic acid (5), and shikimic acid (6), was developed. First, eight styrax resin products (R1-R8) obtained from various Liquidambar tree species, which are known to contain compounds 2-6, were ...

Among the different extraction techniques used at analytical and preparative scale, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is one of the most used. This review covers the most recent developments of SFE in different fields, such as food science, natural products, by-product recovery, pharmaceutical and environmental sciences, during the period 2007-2009. The revision is focused on the most recent...

To study the phasing-out of the quaternary ammonium surfactant ditallowdimethylammonium cation (DTDMAC), concentrations of the cation in anaerobically stabilized sewage sludges were determined before and after its replacement by better degradable compounds. DTDMAC was quantitatively extracted from digested sludges using 380 atm of supercritical CO(2) modified with 30% methanol at 100 °C. Determ...

Supercritical fluid extraction and drying methods are well established in numerous applications for the synthesis and processing of porous materials. Herein, nitrogen is presented as a novel supercritical drying fluid for specialized applications such as in the processing of reactive porous materials, where carbon dioxide and other fluids are not appropriate due to their higher chemical reactiv...

Consistent production of solid drug materials of desired particle and crystallographic morphologies under cGMP conditions is a frequent challenge to pharmaceutical researchers. Supercritical fluid (SCF) technology gained significant attention in pharmaceutical research by not only showing a promise in this regard but also accommodating the principles of green chemistry. Given that this technolo...

The rapid expansion of a supercritical solution (RESS) process is a promising method for the production of small, uniform and solvent-free particles of solutes. The RESS containing a non-volatile solute leads to loss of solvent power by the fast expansion of the supercritical solution through an adequate nozzle, which can cause solute precipitation. The nozzle configuration plays an important r...

Since deodorization distillate, a by-product of rice bran oil production, contains squalene (ca. 8%) and phytosterols (ca. 4%) as unsaponifiable components, the concentration of those materials for their use in the cosmetics and food industries is desirable. In the present work, a novel fractionation method of concentrating squalene and phytosterols from deodorization distillate or the unsaponi...

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) was first attempted in 1962 [1]. Although several papers on SFC were published during the subsequent two decades [2], their content did not encourage many researchers to investigate this technique. After the introduction of fused-silica capillary SFC in the early 1980s [3], many papers describing fundamental studies as well as application studies appeare...

Este articulo revisa el presente y el uso futuro de la extracci6n con fluidos supercriticos (SFE), principalmente dibxido de carbono (CO*) benign0 para el ambiente. La extracci6n con fluidos supercriticos se desarroll6 coma aplicaci6n analitica a mediados de 10s arios 80 coma respuesta al deseo de reducir el uso de disolventes organicos en el ambiente del laboratorio, y se est6 convirtiendo en ...

This paper reviews the phenolic-compound-extraction systems used to analyse fruit and vegetable samples over the last 10 years. Phenolic compounds are naturally occurring antioxidants, usually found in fruits and vegetables. Sample preparation for analytical studies is necessary to determine the polyphenolic composition in these matrices. The most widely used extraction system is liquid-liquid ...