The fluorescence dynamics of rhodamine B (RhB) immobilized on the pore surface of aminopropyl (AP)-modified mesoporous silica (diameter of the silica framework, 3.1 nm) was examined at temperatures between 293 and 193 K to study the microviscosity of supercooled water confined inside the pores. The mesoporous silica specimen with a dense AP layer (2.1 molecules nm(-2)) was prepared, and RhB iso...

The Provincial Government of Mendoza (Argentina), had protected the local crops from the hail damage during five seasons (1999-2004) by contracting an operational service. These operations consisted in silver iodide seeding (AgI) methodology by means of several aircrafts. The aircrafts were provided with meteorological instruments and probes, which allowed obtaining an important amount of data ...

In this study, the hydrogen permeation in the supercooled liquid state for Ni65Nb25Zr10, Ni60Nb20Zr20 and Ni55Nb15Zr30 metallic glasses was investigated in conjunction with the discussion on the effect of hydrogen diffusion on hydrogen permeation. The hydrogen permeation of the Ni65Nb25Zr10 and Ni60Nb20Zr20 metallic glasses increases significantly by the transition from the glassy solid state t...

The ST2 interaction potential has been used in a large number of simulation studies to explore the possibility of a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) in supercooled water. Using umbrella sampling Monte Carlo simulations of ST2 water, we evaluate the free energy of formation of small ice nuclei in the supercooled liquid in the vicinity of the Widom line, the region above the critical tempera...

We find that the hierarchical organization of the potential energy landscape in a model supercooled liquid can be related to a change in the spatial distribution of soft normal modes. For groups of nearby minima, between which fast relaxation processes typically occur, the localization of the soft modes is very similar. The spatial distribution of soft regions changes, instead, for minima betwe...

Conformational changes are essential for protein-protein and protein-ligand recognition. Here we probed changes in the structure of the protein ubiquitin at low temperatures in supercooled water using NMR spectroscopy. We demonstrate that ubiquitin is well folded down to 263 K, although slight rearrangements in the hydrophobic core occur. However, amide proton chemical shifts show non-linear te...

Global climate model (GCM) estimates of the equilibrium global mean surface temperature response to a doubling of atmospheric CO2, measured by the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS), range from 2.0° to 4.6°C. Clouds are among the leading causes of this uncertainty. Here we show that the ECS can be up to 1.3°C higher in simulations where mixed-phase clouds consisting of ice crystals and super...

Transverse Brillouin spectra of orthoterphenyl are measured in the (250-305 K; 0.1-100 MPa) temperature-pressure range, which corresponds to the supercooled phase of this organic glass former. We show that the analysis of these spectra combined with an extrapolation of the reorientation times under pressure leads to an estimate of the static shear viscosity in a pressure range whose validity ex...

The heat capacity of a supercooled liquid subjected to a temperature cycle through its glass transition is studied within a kinetic model. In this model, the beta process is assumed to be thermally activated and described by a two-level system. The alpha process is described as a beta relaxation mediated cooperative transition in a double well. The overshoot of the heat capacity during the heat...

Using Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the autocorrelation function C(t) in the d = 3 Ising model with a plaquette interaction has a stretched-exponential decay in a supercooled liquid phase. Such a decay characterizes also some ground-state probability distributions obtained from the numerically exact counting of up to 10(450) configurations. A related model with a strongly degenerate gro...