A model to account for observed solar flare statistics in terms of a superposition of independent random flaring elements (assumed to be sites of magnetic reconnection in the coronal magnetic field and hence termed ‘‘ separators ’’) is described. A separator of length l is assumed to flare as a Poisson process in time, with a rate ðlÞ inversely proportional to the Alfvén transit time for the st...

We consider magnetic Schrr odinger operators H(~ a) = (?ir ? ~ a(x)) 2(x) = 0g, where B is the magnetic eld associated with ~ a, and M ~ a = fx;~ a(x) = 0g, we prove that H(~ a) converges to the (Dirichlet) Laplacian on the closed set M in the strong resolvent sense, as ! 1, provided the set M n M ~ a has measure 0. Corresponding results on norm resolvent convergence are then used to show that ...

Aims. Properties of transient horizontal magnetic fields (THMFs) in both plage and quiet Sun regions are obtained and compared. Methods. Spectro-polarimetric observations with the Solar Optical Telescope (SOT) on the Hinode satellite were carried out with a cadence of about 30 seconds for both plage and quiet regions located near disk center. We select THMFs that have net linear polarization (L...

Through spin exchange optical pumping it is possible to achieve upwards of nuclear spin polarization in Xe with an NMR signal enhancement of some orders of magnitude over typical thermal signals Hyperpolarized Xe has thus found application in several leading edge technologies At T and K the characteristic relaxation time of enriched polycrystalline Xe Xe Xe is well over hrs su cient for long te...