A finite time-slice computational method has been developed to describe the effects of gravity on light rays passing close to the Sun by employing a theoretical approach introduced by L. Schiff in 1960. One of the key assumptions in the latter study is that each local observer finds a given light ray to travel along the same straight line with the same constant speed c. It is concluded that the...

Water monitoring is important in domains including documenting climate change, weather prediction and fishing. This paper presents a simple and energy efficient localization strategy for near surface buoy based sensors. Sensors can be dropped randomly in the ocean and thus self-calibrate in terms of geographic location such that geo-tagged observations of water quality can be made without the n...

This paper is an extended review paper about the use of a new intensity formula in optical emission spectroscopy, atmospheric physics and astronomy. The laboratory data of atomicand ionic spectra from different light sources do support the new formula. In the atmospheric field dominant light mechanisms in aurora have been revealed, which follow the new formula. The inverse of this formula can a...

AIM To determine the Turkish primary school students' sun protection behaviors and their individual risk factors associated with skin cancer. METHODS The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 6th-8th graders (11-14 age group) from a primary school in the western part of Turkey. A self-report questionnaire was administered. The response rate was 86.0 %. RESULTS The mean age of studen...

The incidence of skin cancer is increasing worldwide. Included in high risk group are people who have light common phenotypic factors (hair, skin, eyes), have high number of naevi, report previous sunburns and have a family history of skin cancer. Protecting the skin from the sun by wearing protective clothing, using sunscreen and avoiding sun exposure are recommended among primary preventive a...

Computer graphics, and in particular high-fidelity rendering, make it possible to recreate cultural heritage on a computer, including a precise lighting simulation. Achieving maximum accuracy is of the highest importance when investigating how a site might have appeared in the past. Failure to use such high fidelity means there is a very real danger of misrepresenting the past. Although we can ...

1170 May 2015 F or many thousands of years, the sun was our only source of light, and human behavior followed a natural day–night cycle. This milieu began to change approximately 150 yr ago with the invention of incandescent lighting. Electric lighting disrupted our behavioral dependence on the day–night cycles of the sun and facilitated alterations in our circadian sleep–wake cycles. recent re...

The LASCO C2 and C3 coronagraphs recorded a unique coronal mass ejection on April 2, 1999. The event did not have the typical three-part CME structure and involved a small filament eruption without any visibile overlying streamer ejecta. The event exhibited an unusually clear signature of a wave propagating at the CME flanks. The speed and density of the CME front and flanks were consistent wit...

A historical summary of observations since 1960 raises questions about the standard solar model (SSM). The SSM ascribes luminosity to hydrogen fusion in the solar core. It assumes the Sun formed suddenly without mass accretion so its interior had the same composition as its surface. The lightest element, hydrogen, accounts for over 90 percent of the atoms in the Sun’s atmosphere. The next light...

Photoelectrochemical approach to solar energy conversion demands a kinetic optimization of various light-induced electron transfer processes. Of great importance are the redox mediator systems accomplishing the electron transfer processes at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface, therefore affecting profoundly the performance of various photoelectrochemical cells. Here, we develop a strategy-...