A three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been developed for multiphase (liquid and vapor) flows with solid particles suspended within the liquid phases. The method generalizes our recent two-dimensional model [A. Joshi and Y. Sun, Phys. Rev. E 79, 066703 (2009)] to three dimensions, extends the implicit scheme presented therein to include interparticle forces and introduces an eva...

Three different types of non-photochemical de-excitation of absorbed light energy protect photosystem II of the sun- and desiccation-tolerant moss Rhytidium rugosum against photo-oxidation. The first mechanism, which is light-induced in hydrated thalli, is sensitive to inhibition by dithiothreitol. It is controlled by the protonation of a thylakoid protein. Other mechanisms are activated by des...

• Solar tunnel dryer improved the drying rate by 33.3% compared to open sun drying. The effective moisture diffusivity of solar increased 34.9%. both varieties varied from 2.94 E−09 4.47E−09 m 2 s −1 . overall system efficiency was in range 24.12–31.3%. net CO mitigation 10.9 13 tons per year. An indirect two-stage has been developed study characteristics two chili pepper varieties. effect laye...

Tamarind is an indigenous tree in India and every parts of the such as root, stem, fruit leaves are widely used nutritional, medicinal industrial applications. The stickiness tamarind a major concern during deseeding process, it can be reduced by drying. growers processing industries still using sun drying method, which time-consuming unhygienic that produces poor-quality product. In this conte...

Cantharellus and Afrocantharellus mushrooms are widely consumed in both fresh and dry forms. However, their antioxidant and whether their values changing with drying processes are not known. This study establishes their values and the effect of sun drying on their quality and quantity. Methanolic extracts of five Cantharellus and two Afrocantharellus species were investigated. The investigation...

This article reports experiments that explore the critical factors for gene flow in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) via the soil seedbank under Chinese farming systems. Research was carried out on 16 farmer s fields to estimate harvest seed losses after different planting methods and harvest timings, during the four components of the harvest operations. An additional field experiment was set up t...

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is one of the most popular fruits in tropical and subtropical regions India. It popularly known as” Apple tropics”, belongs to family Myrtaceae often considered as “super fruit”. rich vitamin A C, omega-3 6 polyunsaturated fatty acids contains high levels dietary fiber other nutritional properties. a highly perishable fruit crop has very limited shelf life, so there n...

Pulp and paper industry is one of the major sources of man-made generation of organochlorine compounds. During biological treatment of wastewater, part of organochlorine compounds is discharged with treated effluent and part is retained on biomass and disposed of as waste activated sludge. Due to presence of these compounds, the disposal of biosludge from pulp and paper industry has become an i...

Some of the early studies on the vitamin content of dried fruits and vegetables are open to the objection that the products studied either were not commercial or were dried under conditions that affect adversely many qualities other than vitamins of the products. This report covers a part of an investigation undertaken cooperatively by the two laboratories involved, and intended to show t,he ef...

Background: Sun protection materials have been one of the major concerns in pharmaceutical industry since almost one century ago. Various materials have been found to have such an effect but there are still many unknown substances that have not been discovered.Objective: To introduce a novel mineral-based sun lotion with considerable UV absorption properties compared to commercially available s...