Sulfur Mustard (SM) is a potent toxic alkylating agent that has been used as a chemical warfare gas during the World War I and in the Iran-Iraq conflict between 1983 and 1988(1). SM can cause serious organ damages especially ocular, neurologic, cutaneous, bone marrow, and pulmonary complications (1). The previous studies have shown that the respiratory complications are the most common late com...

The widespread use of sulfur mustard (SM) as a chemical warfare agent in the past century has proved its long-lasting toxic effects. Despite a lot of research over the past decades on Iranian veterans, there are still major gaps in the SM literature. Transforming growth factor (TGF-β), a cytokine that affects many different cell processes, has an important role in the lungs of patients with som...

Here, we report an enhanced throughput method for the diagnosis of human exposure to sulfur mustard. A hydroxyethylthioethyl (HETE) ester-adducted tripeptide, produced by pronase digestion of human serum albumin, was selected as the quantitative exposure biomarker. Cibacron Blue enrichment was developed from an established cartridge method into a 96-well plate format, increasing throughput and ...

background: about 100,000 iranian have been exposed to chemical weapons during iraq‑iran conflict (1980‑88). after being spent of more than two decades, still about 30,000 of them are under follow‑up treatment. the main aim of this study was to review various preventive and therapeutic methods for injured patients with sulfur mustard in different phases. methods: for gathering information, we h...

O6-Ethylthioethyldeoxyguanosine has been synthesized from 6-chloro-3',5'-di-O-acetyldeoxyguanosine and characterized by UV, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry. High-pressure liquid chromatography studies have shown that this modified nucleoside is formed when the one-armed sulfur mustard, chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, reacts with deoxyguanosine. This result supports the hypothesis that the mutage...

OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the efficacy of several treatment regimens in improving wound healing of cutaneous sulfur mustard (HD) injuries. METHODS Wound healing studies were conducted in weanling pigs. Superficial dermal HD injuries were debrided at 48 hours postexposure using an erbium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) laser, followed by application of a treatment adjunct. ...

purpose : to review ocular surface abnormalities caused by exposure to mustard gas and current approaches to manage its delayed-onset complications methods : a total of 198 medical articles related to mustard gas were reviewed using known international medical databases, 114 articles were more relevant to the main aim were selected. results : mustard gas-related ocular injuries can be divided i...

A total of360 Iranian combatants who were exposed to mustard gas by the Iraqi forces in the war fronts were studied. Acute effects and gastrointestinal (GI) complications of sulfur mustard (S M) intoxication were studied separately in Iranian combatants admitted to Imam Reza Hospital from January 1984, to May 198X, In order to record the clinical and paraclinical findings, a special examina...

Symbiotic associations between animals and chemoautotrophic bacteria crowd around hydrothermal vents. In these associations, symbiotic bacteria use chemical reductants from venting fluid for the energy to support autotrophy, providing primary nutrition for the host. At vents along the Eastern Lau Spreading Center, the partially oxidized sulfur compounds (POSCs) thiosulfate and polysulfide have ...