BACKGROUND Antibiotics are widely administered to children with the intention of preventing urinary tract infection, but adequately powered, placebo-controlled trials regarding efficacy are lacking. This study from four Australian centers examined whether low-dose, continuous oral antibiotic therapy prevents urinary tract infection in predisposed children. METHODS We randomly assigned childre...

BACKGROUND Trimethoprim therapy can cause hyperkalemia and is often coprescribed with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs). The objective of this study was to characterize the risk of hyperkalemia-associated hospitalization in elderly patients who were being treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole along with either an ACEI or an ARB. METH...

Pathogens and antibiotics enter the aquatic environment via sewage effluents and may pose a health risk to wild life and humans. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of faecal bacteria, and selected antibiotic residues in raw wastewater and treated sewage effluents from three different sewage treatment plants in the Western Cape, South Africa. Sewage treatment plant 1 and 2 use old...

two multivariate calibration methods are compared for the simultaneous chromatographic determination and separation of sulfamethoxazole (smx) and phthalazine (phz) by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). multivariate calibration techniques such as classical least squares (cls) and inverse least squares (ils) were introduced into hplc to determine the quantification by using uv detecto...

OBJECTIVE To examine temporal trends of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) use in children. METHODS We performed a retrospective observational study to characterize TMP-SMX ADRs in children between 2000 and 2009. We completed a chart review at our institution by identifying children diagnosed with TMP-SMX ADRs. To compare local trends to comp...

Thrombocytopenia is an uncommon side effect of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) when given in the usual recommended adult dosage. We report a case of severe and possibly life-threatening thrombocytopenia associated with TMP/SMX therapy. A 92-year-old female presented after a mechanical fall and subsequent intractable bleeding from a laceration on her left leg. She had a history of cellul...