This article discusses Faḍlallāh al-Ḥurūfī’s relations with political and religious circles in detail from his early youth when he left Astarabad, until execution at the behest of Mīrānshāh, Timur’s son, 796/1394. The common opinion why was executed is considered to be either superstitious ideas or pursuit some messianic, thus power-related, goals. We tried find clues confute such stereotypical...

Sufi orders and brotherhoods have extensively contributed the reproduction transformation of social political formation in Ottoman Empire besides their significance cultural intellectual life. Contrary to previous scholarship which identifies as unchanged timeless religious movements during medieval times, one causes decline decay early modern era when underwent profound transformations; revisi...

This article discusses building the character of Sufism-based students in Madrasah West Kalimantan. The research used is qualitative through a descriptive approach to understand object naturally. Descriptive analysis an that uses narratives related data found at site explaining intentions, content, and results study. steps this study are Data collection, Reduction, Analysis, Conclusion. show st...