The article deals with the activities of Extraordinary State Commission USSR for investigating atrocities Nazi invaders and their accomplices prosecution as inevitability retribution war crimes committed.

In 2005, the U.S. Supreme Court held the death penalty unconstitutional as applied to juveniles in Roper v. Simmons. The Court reasoned that juveniles were less criminally culpable than adults because they lack maturity, they are more vulnerable to peer influence, and their character is not as well formed as that of adults. Although Roper addressed the imposition of the ultimate punishment of d...

Everyone has experienced injustices and slights, and so approximately everyone has experienced sentiments like anger, resentment, and vengefulness. These are not just feelings. They are also motives; I call them retributive motives. In their grip, one is motivated to confront, retaliate, avenge, or seek retribution, often contrary to better judgment. These motives can be contrasted with prospec...

We use a two-person 3-stage game to investigate whether people choose to punish or reward another player by sacrificing money to increase or decrease the other person’s payoff. One player sends a message indicating an intended play, which is either favorable or unfavorable to the other player in the game. After the message, the sender and the receiver play a simultaneous 2x2 game. A deceptive m...

ply of tropical afflictions; and they too were bitten by malariabearing mosquitoes. But the native population, having lived with the menace of malaria for a hundred generations, had inherited a modest measure of resistance to the disease; not so with the white slavers, their soldiers, missionaries or adventurers seeking precious metals. The medical literature of 1830 carried an article by a Fre...