introduction: recently, consumers have directed their interest towards low fat products as they associated them with a reduced risk of well-known health problems such as obesity and coronary heart diseases. fat is a multifunctional ingredient in ice cream system. thus, in attempts to provide desirable flavor and physical characteristics of full fat ice cream, manufactures looking for fat replac...

Background: Obesity increases the likelihood of various diseases, particularly heart disease, type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea, certain types of cancer and infertility and dub fertility. Some studies have associated the body mass index (BMI) with reproductive parameters in men, showing that increased BMI is related to poor semen quality, decreased sperm concentration, decreased normal-m...