In this unblinded, randomized controlled trial, we compared supraorbital and greater occipital nerve blocks with subcutaneous infiltration for anesthesia during the placement of a stereotactic head-frame. Twenty consecutive patients scheduled for functional surgery to treat Parkinson's disease were studied. Each patient received supraorbital and greater occipital nerve blocks on one side of the...

BACKGROUND Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) has been routinely used for ovulation induction. Because of rapid clearance of the hormone, FSH is commonly administered by daily intramuscular or subcutaneous injections in in-vitro fertilization (IVF). To reduce the number of visits to the clinic, an intermittent vaginal injection of rhFSH every 3 days employing the concepts of mesotherapy and ute...

effects of post-hatch fasting (phf) and subcutaneous injection of ca-gluconate (ca-g) on productive performance, immune response and mortality of broiler chicks were investigated using 640 one-day-old ross 308 chicks in a 5×2 factorial experiment with five phf levels (zero, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h) and two ca-g injection levels (zero and 0.7 ml) in a completely randomized block design in four repli...

BACKGROUND Neurologic literature on therapeutic effect of subcutaneous corticosteroids in patients with migrainous chronic daily headache is scarce. The aim of this research is to assess the therapeutic effects of this management in such patients. METHODS Consecutive patients with migrainous chronic daily headache enrolled a prospective before-after therapeutic study during 2010-2013. Methylp...

The Friedman (1939) test for pregnancy has the minor disadvantages that skill is required for the intravenous injection into the ear vein of the rabbit and that some 3 % (Albert, 1949; Evans and Krajian, 1944) of urine samples are toxic to the rabbit if injected intravenously. Ducey (1950) overcame some of these difficulties by injecting urine subcutaneously in doses of 20 to 30 ml. in the loos...

Some studies have shown that acetylcholine muscarinic receptors involved in the opiate reward. In the present study, the effect of intra-basolateral amygdale (BLA) acetylcholine muscarinic like receptor agonist (physostigmine) and antagonist (atropine) on the acquisition of morphine-induced place preference has been investigated in male Wistar rats. For this purpose, two 22 gauges guide cannula...

In this study we estimate the subcutaneous tissue counter pressure during drug infusion from a series of injections of insulin in type 2 diabetic patients using a non-invasive method. We construct a model for the pressure evolution in subcutaneous tissue based on mass continuity and the flow laws of a porous medium. For equivalent injection forces we measure the change in the infusion rate betw...

Subcutaneous injections of adrenalin are, in contrast with its behavior in the production of the other effects of that drug, more favorable to the production of glycosuria in rabbits than intramuscular injections; the failures are fewer and the quantities of dextrose in the urine are generally larger. In general, as regards the stimulation of diuresis by adrenalin, a subcutaneous injection exer...

A Target Animal Safety protocol was used to examine adverse events in male and female Fischer F344/NTac rats treated with increasing doses of a subcutaneous implant of a lipid suspension of buprenorphine. A single injection of 0.65 mg/kg afforded clinically significant blood levels of drug for 3 days. Chemistry, hematology, coagulation, and urinalysis values with 2- to 10-fold excess doses of t...

Subcutaneous injection is an important route of administration for therapeutic proteins that provides several advantages over other modes of parenteral delivery. Despite extensive clinical use, the exact mechanism underlying subcutaneous absorption of proteins is not completely understood, and the accuracy of prediction of absorption of biotherapeutics in humans remains unsatisfactory. This rev...