background: toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular protozoan parasite on which studies are pending regarding production of vaccine. to date, the production of human vaccine has not been successful where approximately one third of the world’s population is thought to be infected with t. gondii. objectives: the present study was designed to compare the electrophoretic patterns of t. gon...

INTRODUCTION Identifying ideal non typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) vaccine candidates has not been easy due to extensive sequence and antigenic variation among gene products interacting with the immune system. Protein D (PD) is a highly conserved 42 kDa surface lipoprotein available in all H. influenzae, including NTHi. METHODOLOGY In this study, the gene encoding PD was cloned from H....

The development of a safe and efficient dengue vaccine represents a global challenge in public health. Chimeric dengue viruses (DENV) based on an attenuated flavivirus have been well developed as vaccine candidates by using reverse genetics. In this study, based on the full-length infectious cDNA clone of the well-known Japanese encephalitis virus live vaccine strain SA14-14-2 as a backbone, a ...

The impact of the conformation, lipooligosaccharide (LOS)-depletion and the presentation form of outer membrane protein PorA from Neisseria meningitidis (PorA) subtype P1.7-2,4 on the immune response in mice was studied. Native PorA was purified from outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from meningococci and reconstituted into liposomes. The conformation of PorA after purification from OMVs a...

OBJECTIVE Subendothelial retention of proatherogenic lipoproteins by proteoglycans is critical in atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the recognition and antiatherogenic properties of a chimeric monoclonal antibody (mAb) that reacts with sulfated molecules. METHODS AND RESULTS chP3R99 mAb recognized sulfated glycosaminoglycans, mainly chondroitin sulfate (CS), by ELISA....

The antibody response of mice to a smooth strain of Salmonella typhimurium was shown previously to be extremely rapid and potent. As measured by the complement-mediated bactericidal reaction, it was also found to be highly specific as well as reproducible. Experiments which studied the effects of antigen type (live or heat-killed), antigen dose, and the route of immunization indicated that the ...

Forty-two heifers were allotted randomly to six treatment groups: intact controls, intact heifers implanted with trenbolone acetate, ovariectomized heifers, ovariectomized heifers implanted with trenbolone acetate, intact heifers immunized against estradiol and intact heifers immunized against estradiol and implanted with trenbolone acetate. Blood titers of estradiol-17 beta were increased over...

The Plasmodium-infected hepatocyte has been considered necessary to prime the immune responses leading to sterile protection after vaccination with attenuated sporozoites. However, it has recently been demonstrated that priming also occurs in the skin. We wished to establish if sterile protection could be obtained in the absence of priming by infected hepatocytes. To this end, we developed a su...

Mucosal vaccination has been getting more and more recognition because of its compliance and low risk of spreading infectious disease by contaminated syringes used in subcutaneous immunization. However, most vaccines are unable to induce immune responses when given mucosally, and require the use of strong adjuvant for effective delivery systems. Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) and Cholera toxin(CT...

Mature dendritic cells (DCs) are powerful antigen presenting cells that have the unique capacity to migrate to the T cell zone of draining lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection. Here we report that treatment of antigen-pulsed mature DCs with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE), a TNF family member, before immunization enhances their adjuvant capacity and ...