The yeast-like fungus Exophiala jeanselmei degrades styrene via initial oxidation of the vinyl side chain to phenylacetic acid, which is subsequently hydroxylated to homogentisic acid. The initial reactions are catalyzed by a NADPH- and flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent styrene monooxygenase, a styrene oxide isomerase, and a NAD(+)-dependent phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase. The reduced CO-...

This study is the first step in the systematic investigation of substituted (carboxyl) polystyrene nanoparticles. Understanding the fundamental interactions between the p-carboxyl styrene monomers, where an ethyl group is used instead of a vinyl group (referenced, for convenience, as "p-carboxyl styrene"), provides the basic information needed to construct potentials for nanoparticles composed ...

The kinetics of o/w electrostatically and sterically-stabilized microemulsion polymerization of styrene with and without macromonomeric azoinitiator (macroinimer; MIM) have been investigated. The microemulsion polymerization stabilized by the ionic emulsifier sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or the non-ionic emulsifier Tween 20 (Tw 20) was initiated by ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS)/sodium thiosulf...

Styrene is widely used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber, resins, polyesters and plastics. Styrene and the primary metabolite styrene-7,8-oxide are genotoxic and carcinogenic. Long-term chemical carcinogenesis bioassays showed that styrene caused lung cancers in several strains of mice and mammary cancers in rats and styrene-7,8-oxide caused tumours of the forestomach in rats and mice and ...

Styrene is one of the most important monomers produced worldwide. IARC classified styrene as a possible carcinogen to humans (group 2B). Styrene-7,8-oxide (SO) is the main reactive metabolite of styrene, and it is found to be genotoxic in several in vitro test systems. Styrene and styrene-7,8-oxide (SO) toxicity to HepG2 cells was investigated by evaluating end-points such as heat shock protein...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1, GSTM1, and GSTT1 and lifestyle habits (smoking, drinking, and exercise) modulate the levels of urinary styrene metabolites such as mandelic acid (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acid (PGA) after occupational exposure to styrene. We recruited 79 male workers who had received chronic exposure in styrene fiberglass-reinforce...

Currently, about 75% of Finnish reinforced polyester lamination workers are exposed to styrene concentrations exceeding the current occupational exposure limit of 20 ppm. Several measures have been proposed to control styrene exposure, but only a few of them are capable of keeping the styrene concentration below 20 ppm. The present study was carried out to evaluate current ventilation systems i...

Although several phase diagrams of block copolymers prepared by sequential monomer addition are known today, the corresponding tapered have not been reported in detail and this despite industrial importance latter. A diagram based on a series diblock is reported, generated sec-butyllithium initiated statistical anionic copolymerization styrene isoprene cyclohexane. This affords with polyisopren...

This study aimed to establish primary reactions and identify gaseous products during fast pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) polystyrene (PS). Fast was performed by using Py-GC/MS/FID at 574 ± 22 °C for 5 s. Gaseous fractions formed LDPE, PP PS were 14 1 wt%, 31 3 wt% 103 12 respectively. The main compounds from LDPE butane, 1-pentane 1-hexene. gave propene, pentan...