It is well-known that the type-checking and type-inference problems are undecidable for second order λ-calculus in Curry-style, although those for Church-style are decidable. What causes the differences in decidability and undecidability on the problems? We examine crucial conditions on terms for the (un)decidability property from the viewpoint of partially typed terms, and what kinds of type a...

background: selection of an appropriate leadership style coordinated with external motivation can improve job performance, job promotion and job satisfaction and consequently lead to achieving both individual and organizational goals. the aim of this study was to assess the relationship between leadership style and job satisfaction of staff working in health care networks in kerman university o...

1  Abstract—In this letter, we consider the problem of energy detection of unknown signals in an intervehicular communication (IVC) system over n*Rayleigh fading channels (also known as cascaded Rayleigh). Novel tight approximations for the probability of detection are derived for the no-diversity and the maximum ratio combining (MRC)) diversity schemes. Moreover, we investigate the system per...

start in small areas and propagate non-linearly through time to influence large areas, are becoming increasingly important in both ecological and human-dominated systems. Global change is increasing the frequency and magnitude of cascading events. At the same time, globalization is increasing the connectivity of systems in multiple ways and at multiple scales, thereby initiating new types of ca...

The main aim of this paper is to give classes of irreducible infinite dimensional representations and of irreducible *-representations of the q-deformed algebra U ′ q (so 2,2) which is a real form of the non-standard deformation U ′ q (so 4) of the universal enveloping algebra U (so(4, C)). These representations are described by two complex parameters and are obtained by " analytical continuati...

Directors welcomed the continued resilience of the global financial system, which has been supported by solid global growth, low inflation, abundant liquidity, and flat yield curves. They considered that financial conditions will likely remain benign in the most likely scenario of continued growth, contained inflation, and stable inflationary expectations. At the same time, Directors noted that...

Successful programs are written to be maintained. One aspect to this is that programmers order the components in the code files in a particular way. This is part of programming style. While the conventions for ordering are sometimes given as part of a style guideline, such guidelines are often incomplete and programmers tend to have their own more comprehensive orderings in mind. This paper def...

Current prescriptions for spreadsheet style specify modular separation of data, calcu1ation and output, based on the notion that writing a spreadsheet is like writing a computer program. Instead of a computer programming style, this article examines rules of style for text, graphics, and mathematics. Much “common wisdom” in spreadsheets contradicts rules for these well-developed arts. A case is...

Source code attribution classifiers have recently become powerful. We consider the possibility that an adversary could craft code with the intention of causing a misclassification, i.e., creating a forgery of another author’s programming style in order to hide the forger’s own identity or blame the other author. We find that it is possible for a non-expert adversary to defeat such a system. In ...

In this paper, we examine critically the notion of “Triple Bottom Line” accounting. We begin by asking just what it is that supporters of the Triple Bottom line idea advocate, and attempt to distil specific, assessable claims from the vague, diverse, and sometimes contradictory uses of the Triple Bottom Line rhetoric. We then use these claims as a basis upon which to argue (a) that what is soun...