abstract background: consideration of patient autonomy is an essential element in individualized, patient‑centered, ethical care. internal and external factors associated with patient autonomy are related to culture and it is not clear what they are in iran. the aim of this study was to explore contextual factors affecting the autonomy of patients in iranian hospitals. materials and methods: th...

This article explores the impact of student self-financing systems on inequalities of access to higher education (HE) through comparative analysis of two national systems, those of England and Australia. The analysis of the historical development of HE in each nation identifies a set of comparative global themes: the expansion of higher education in response to the needs of the national economy...

Professional identity development, seen as essential in the transition from student to professional, needs to be owned by the universities in order to ensure a workforce appropriately prepared to provide global health care in the future. The development of professional identity involves a focus on who the student is becoming, as well as what they know or can do, and requires authentic learning ...

This work will examine the link between intrinsic motivation and external rewards by describing the experiences of twenty-seven academically under-performing adolescents who were enrolled in an after school program in a New York City public junior high school that implemented a token economy. The goals of the implemented token economy were to establish an objective measure of student competence...

In this paper an agent system is described, which has been designed to support students undertaking team projects as part of their studies on campus or online. Team projects form an important part of the learning process for campus based students, but are not easily incorporated into the learning activities for online students. The particular problems of working on projects in teams are explore...

This study was designed to assess the link of attachment relationships with physical activity motivation. Potential mediators of this link were examined in a cross-sectional study targeting college student physical activity motivation and behaviour. Participants completed self-reports of attachment relationships (with mother, father and best friend), self-determined motivation for physical acti...

This study investigated the effect of applying the dynamic system theory (DST) and cognitive linguistics (CL) insights into grammar instruction on EFL learners’ learning of English prepositions and learner autonomy. Sixty Iranian EFL learners at the lower-intermediate level of language proficiency were randomly assigned to 1 experimental and 1 control group. The 2 groups filled out an autonomy ...

With the sweeping influence and wide application of multimedia and network in college education, cooperative learning has been infused with a new vitality in enhancing student autonomy and control over the language learning process. Adopting qualitative and quantitative approaches, this paper is an empirical study introducing the implementation process of cooperative learning of English writing...

Institutional Effects in a Simple Model of Educational Production The paper presents a model of educational production which tries to make sense of recent evidence on effects of institutional arrangements on student performance. In a simple principal-agent framework, students choose their learning effort to maximize their net benefits, while the government chooses educational spending to maximi...

Student motivation within the classrooms is a widely recognized problem and will remain so in the foreseeable future. Literature suggests that students’ motivation for learning and performance can be enhanced by creating an appropriate classroom environment, which is again determined by the design of various structural characteristics of a course, such as type of tasks, autonomy of students, an...