Interlanguage pragmatics, as an inseparable part of communicative competence, has been emphasized as an ultimate objective in language learning. This study explored the perceptions of Iranian English as a foreign language (EFL) students regarding interlanguage pragmatics and the impact of textbooks tasks on shaping their pragmatic competence. To accomplish this objective, 137 senior EFL student...

State-of-the-art TCAD applications like the multidimensional device simulator MINIMOS-NT require a huge number of different information in addition to the device input data. This information is normally hierarchically structured and covers, e.g., simulation parameters, parameter dependencies, models and their parameters, material information, or circuit descriptions. Therefore, the control syst...

Natural Language Generation Marcel O. Fr ohlich 1 and Reind P. van de Riet 2 Abstract. A framwork for Natural Language Generation (NLG) is described, that can be used with arbitrarily structured knowledge sources (for example a database). It is built around three layers of domain knowledge representation, supporting di erent tasks. The bene t of this approach is that a given representation can...

Robotic grasping in cluttered environments is a fundamental and challenging task robotics research. The ability to autonomously grasp objects scenes crucial for robots perform complex tasks real-world scenarios. Conventional based on the known object model structured environment, but adaptability of unknown complicated situations constrained. In this paper, we present robotic architecture atten...

We present an extension of sparse PCA, or sparse dictionary learning, where the sparsity patterns of all dictionary elements are structured and constrained to belong to a prespecified set of shapes. This structured sparse PCA is based on a structured regularization recently introduced by [1]. While classical sparse priors only deal with cardinality, the regularization we use encodes higher-orde...

Tools for mining information from data can create added value for the Iqternet. As the majority of electronic documents available over the network are in unstructured textual form, extracting useful information from a document usually involves information retrieval techniques or manual processing. This paper presents a novel approach to mining information from HTML documents using tree-structur...

Case-based reasoning involves reasoning from cases: speciic pieces of experience, the reasoner's or another's, that can be used to solve problems. We use the term \graph-structured" for representations that (1) are capable of expressing the relations between any two objects in a case, (2) allow the set of relations used to vary from case to case, and (3) allow the set of possible relations to b...